PHONG NHA-KE NATIONAL PARK
VIETNAMLOCALE
| Area (ha): | 86 |
| Altitude (m): | 100-650 |
| # Species: | 327 |
| # Excl Vagrants: | 327 |
| # Endemics: | 1 |
| # Near Endemics: | 7 |
| Species/100 ha: | 381.3 |
| Habitat: Tropical dense lowland forest, tropical montane evergreen forest, savanna | |
BIRD CHECKLIST
The table below lists species recorded at this locale but does not indicate frequency of occurrence there. It does indicate whether each species is globally threatened or endangered according to the IUCN and also whether it is migratory, very rare, or accidental in the country. The list is based on available data and may be incomplete.*
| ||
| 1 | /Garganey/ | Spatula querquedula |
| 2 | /Indian Spot-billed Duck/ | Anas poecilorhyncha |
| 3 | /Green-winged Teal/ | Anas crecca |
| ||
| 4 | Bar-backed Partridge | Arborophila brunneopectus |
| 5 | Silver Pheasant | Lophura nycthemera |
| 6 | Siamese Fireback | Lophura diardi |
| 7 | Vietnamese Crested Argus | Rheinardia ocellata |
| 8 | Scaly-breasted Partridge | Tropicoperdix chloropus |
| 9 | Tonkin Partridge** | Tropicoperdix tonkinensis |
| 10 | Germain's Peacock-Pheasant | Polyplectron germaini |
| 11 | Gray Peacock-Pheasant | Polyplectron bicalcaratum |
| 12 | Red Junglefowl | Gallus gallus |
| ||
| 13 | Rock Pigeon | Columba livia |
| 14 | /Oriental Turtle-Dove/ | Streptopelia orientalis |
| 15 | Red Collared-Dove | Streptopelia tranquebarica |
| 16 | Spotted Dove | Spilopelia chinensis |
| 17 | Barred Cuckoo-Dove | Macropygia unchall |
| 18 | Asian Emerald Dove | Chalcophaps indica |
| 19 | Zebra Dove | Geopelia striata |
| 20 | Thick-billed Green-Pigeon | Treron curvirostra |
| 21 | Yellow-vented Green-Pigeon | Treron seimundi |
| 22 | &Pin-tailed Green-Pigeonl | Treron apicauda |
| 23 | Wedge-tailed Green-Pigeon | Treron sphenurus |
| 24 | Mountain Imperial-Pigeon | Ducula badia |
| ||
| 25 | Indian Cuckoo | Cuculus micropterus |
| 26 | (Common Cuckoo) | Cuculus canorus |
| 27 | Greater Coucal | Centropus sinensis |
| 28 | Lesser Coucal | Centropus bengalensis |
| 29 | Green-billed Malkoha | Phaenicophaeus tristis |
| 30 | Chestnut-winged Cuckoo | Clamator coromandus |
| 31 | Asian Koel | Eudynamys scolopaceus |
| 32 | Asian Emerald Cuckoo | Chrysococcyx maculatus |
| 33 | Fork-tailed Drongo-Cuckoo | Surniculus dicruroides |
| 34 | Large Hawk-Cuckoo | Hierococcyx sparverioides |
| 35 | Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo | Hierococcyx nisicolor |
| 36 | Banded Bay Cuckoo | Cacomantis sonneratii |
| 37 | Plaintive Cuckoo | Cacomantis merulinus |
| ||
| 38 | /Gray Nightjar/ | Caprimulgus jotaka |
| 39 | Large-tailed Nightjar | Caprimulgus macrurus |
| ||
| 40 | Silver-backed Needletail | Hirundapus cochinchinensis |
| 41 | Brown-backed Needletail | Hirundapus giganteus |
| 42 | /Himalayan Swiftlet/ | Aerodramus brevirostris |
| 43 | White-nest Swiftlet | Aerodramus fuciphagus |
| 44 | Cook's Swift | Apus cooki |
| 45 | House Swift | Apus nipalensis |
| 46 | Asian Palm Swift | Cypsiurus balasiensis |
| ||
| 47 | Crested Treeswift | Hemiprocne coronata |
| ||
| 48 | Eurasian Moorhen | Gallinula chloropus |
| 49 | White-breasted Waterhen | Amaurornis phoenicurus |
| 50 | Slaty-legged Crake | Rallina eurizonoides |
| 51 | Ruddy-breasted Crake | Zapornia fusca |
| ||
| 52 | /Gray-headed Lapwing/ | Vanellus cinereus |
| 53 | Red-wattled Lapwing | Vanellus indicus |
| ||
| 54 | /Pin-tailed Snipe/ | Gallinago stenura |
| 55 | /Common Snipe/ | Gallinago gallinago |
| 56 | /Common Sandpiper/ | Actitis hypoleucos |
| 57 | /Green Sandpiper/ | Tringa ochropus |
| 58 | /Wood Sandpiper/ | Tringa glareola |
| 59 | /Common Greenshank/ | Tringa nebularia |
| ||
| 60 | Barred Buttonquail | Turnix suscitator |
| ||
| 61 | Cinnamon Bittern | Botaurus cinnamomeus |
| 62 | Malayan Night Heron | Gorsachius melanolophus |
| 63 | Pacific Reef-Heron | Egretta sacra |
| 64 | Little Egret | Egretta garzetta |
| 65 | Striated Heron | Butorides striata |
| 66 | Chinese Pond-Heron | Ardeola bacchus |
| 67 | Eastern Cattle-Egret | Bubulcus coromandus |
| 68 | Great Egret | Ardea alba |
| 69 | Medium Egret | Ardea intermedia |
| 70 | Gray Heron | Ardea cinerea |
| ||
| 71 | Black-winged Kite | Elanus caeruleus |
| 72 | Black Baza | Aviceda leuphotes |
| 73 | Oriental Honey-buzzard | Pernis ptilorhynchus |
| 74 | Crested Serpent-Eagle | Spilornis cheela |
| 75 | Mountain Hawk-Eagle | Nisaetus nipalensis |
| 76 | Changeable Hawk-Eagle | Nisaetus cirrhatus |
| 77 | Rufous-bellied Eagle | Lophotriorchis kienerii |
| 78 | |Black Eagle| | Ictinaetus malaiensis |
| 79 | Bonelli's Eagle | Aquila fasciata |
| 80 | Crested Goshawk | Lophospiza trivirgatus |
| 81 | Besra | Tachyspiza virgatus |
| 82 | |Japanese Sparrowhawk| | Tachyspiza gularis |
| 83 | Shikra | Tachyspiza badius |
| 84 | /Black Kite/ | Milvus migrans |
| 85 | Lesser Fish-Eagle | Icthyophaga humilis |
| 86 | /Gray-faced Buzzard/ | Butastur indicus |
| 87 | /Common Buzzard/ | Buteo buteo |
| ||
| 88 | American Barn Owl | Tyto furcata |
| ||
| 89 | Mountain Scops-Owl | Otus spilocephalus |
| 90 | Collared Scops-Owl | Otus lettia |
| 91 | Oriental Scops-Owl | Otus sunia |
| 92 | Brown Fish-Owl | Ketupa zeylonensis |
| 93 | Spot-bellied Eagle-Owl | Ketupa nipalensis |
| 94 | Collared Owlet | Glaucidium brodiei |
| 95 | Asian Barred Owlet | Glaucidium cuculoides |
| 96 | Brown Wood-Owl | Strix leptogrammica |
| 97 | Brown Boobook | Ninox scutulata |
| ||
| 98 | Orange-breasted Trogon | Harpactes oreskios |
| 99 | Red-headed Trogon | Harpactes erythrocephalus |
| ||
| 100 | Great Hornbill | Buceros bicornis |
| 101 | Brown Hornbill | Anorrhinus austeni |
| 102 | Oriental Pied-Hornbill | Anthracoceros albirostris |
| 103 | Wreathed Hornbill | Rhyticeros undulatus |
| ||
| 104 | Blue-bearded Bee-eater | Nyctyornis athertoni |
| 105 | Asian Green Bee-eater | Merops orientalis |
| 106 | Blue-throated Bee-eater | Merops viridis |
| 107 | Blue-tailed Bee-eater | Merops philippinus |
| 108 | Chestnut-headed Bee-eater | Merops leschenaulti |
| ||
| 109 | Common Kingfisher | Alcedo atthis |
| 110 | Blue-eared Kingfisher | Alcedo meninting |
| 111 | Black-backed Dwarf-Kingfisher | Ceyx erithaca |
| 112 | Banded Kingfisher | Lacedo pulchella |
| 113 | Stork-billed Kingfisher | Pelargopsis capensis |
| 114 | White-throated Kingfisher | Halcyon smyrnensis |
| 115 | Crested Kingfisher | Megaceryle lugubris |
| ||
| 116 | Indochinese Roller | Coracias affinis |
| 117 | Oriental Dollarbird | Eurystomus orientalis |
| ||
| 118 | Coppersmith Barbet | Psilopogon haemacephalus |
| 119 | Blue-eared Barbet | Psilopogon cyanotis |
| 120 | Red-vented Barbet | Psilopogon lagrandieri |
| 121 | Green-eared Barbet | Psilopogon faiostrictus |
| 122 | Golden-throated Barbet | Psilopogon franklinii |
| 123 | Necklaced Barbet | Psilopogon auricularis |
| ||
| 124 | White-browed Piculet | Sasia ochracea |
| 125 | Gray-capped Pygmy Woodpecker | Yungipicus canicapillus |
| 126 | Bay Woodpecker | Blythipicus pyrrhotis |
| 127 | Rufous Woodpecker | Micropternus brachyurus |
| 128 | Lesser Yellownape | Picus chlorolophus |
| 129 | Laced Woodpecker | Picus vittatus |
| 130 | Red-collared Woodpecker | Picus rabieri |
| 131 | Greater Yellownape | Chrysophlegma flavinucha |
| 132 | Greater Flameback | Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus |
| ||
| 133 | Pied Falconet | Microhierax melanoleucos |
| 134 | /Eurasian Kestrel/ | Falco tinnunculus |
| 135 | Oriental Hobby | Falco severus |
| 136 | /Peregrine Falcon/ | Falco peregrinus |
| ||
| 137 | Vernal Hanging-Parrot | Loriculus vernalis |
| ||
| 138 | Long-tailed Broadbill | Psarisomus dalhousiae |
| 139 | Silver-breasted Broadbill | Serilophus lunatus |
| ||
| 140 | Eared Pitta | Hydrornis phayrei |
| 141 | Blue-rumped Pitta | Hydrornis soror |
| 142 | Blue Pitta | Hydrornis cyaneus |
| 143 | Bar-bellied Pitta | Hydrornis elliotii |
| 144 | (Blue-winged Pitta) | Pitta moluccensis |
| ||
| 145 | Gray-chinned Minivet | Pericrocotus solaris |
| 146 | Long-tailed Minivet | Pericrocotus ethologus |
| 147 | Scarlet Minivet | Pericrocotus speciosus |
| 148 | /Ashy Minivet/ | Pericrocotus divaricatus |
| 149 | /Brown-rumped Minivet/ | Pericrocotus cantonensis |
| 150 | Oriental Cuckooshrike | Coracina javensis |
| 151 | Black-winged Cuckooshrike | Lalage melaschistos |
| 152 | Indochinese Cuckooshrike | Lalage polioptera |
| ||
| 153 | White-browed Shrike-Babbler | Pteruthius aeralatus |
| 154 | White-bellied Erpornis | Erpornis zantholeuca |
| ||
| 155 | /Black-naped Oriole/ | Oriolus chinensis |
| 156 | Black-hooded Oriole | Oriolus xanthornus |
| 157 | Maroon Oriole | Oriolus traillii |
| ||
| 158 | Ashy Woodswallow | Artamus fuscus |
| ||
| 159 | Large Woodshrike | Tephrodornis virgatus |
| 160 | Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike | Hemipus picatus |
| ||
| 161 | Common Iora | Aegithina tiphia |
| 162 | Great Iora | Aegithina lafresnayei |
| ||
| 163 | White-throated Fantail | Rhipidura albicollis |
| ||
| 164 | Black Drongo | Dicrurus macrocercus |
| 165 | Ashy Drongo | Dicrurus leucophaeus |
| 166 | Crow-billed Drongo | Dicrurus annectens |
| 167 | Bronzed Drongo | Dicrurus aeneus |
| 168 | Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo | Dicrurus remifer |
| 169 | Hair-crested Drongo | Dicrurus hottentottus |
| 170 | Greater Racket-tailed Drongo | Dicrurus paradiseus |
| ||
| 171 | Black-naped Monarch | Hypothymis azurea |
| 172 | Blyth's Paradise-Flycatcher | Terpsiphone affinis |
| ||
| 173 | /Brown Shrike/ | Lanius cristatus |
| 174 | |Long-tailed Shrike| | Lanius schach |
| 175 | /Gray-backed Shrike/ | Lanius tephronotus |
| ||
| 176 | Red-billed Blue-Magpie | Urocissa erythroryncha |
| 177 | White-winged Magpie | Urocissa whiteheadi |
| 178 | Common Green-Magpie | Cissa chinensis |
| 179 | Indochinese Green-Magpie | Cissa hypoleuca |
| 180 | Racket-tailed Treepie | Crypsirina temia |
| 181 | Ratchet-tailed Treepie | Temnurus temnurus |
| 182 | Large-billed Crow | Corvus macrorhynchos |
| 183 | Himalayan Crow** | Corvus intermedius |
| ||
| 184 | Gray-headed Canary-Flycatcher | Culicicapa ceylonensis |
| ||
| 185 | Asian Tit | Parus cinereus |
| 186 | Green-backed Tit | Parus monticolus |
| 187 | Sultan Tit | Melanochlora sultanea |
| ||
| 188 | Common Tailorbird | Orthotomus sutorius |
| 189 | Dark-necked Tailorbird | Orthotomus atrogularis |
| 190 | Hill Prinia | Prinia superciliaris |
| 191 | Gray-breasted Prinia | Prinia hodgsonii |
| 192 | Yellow-bellied Prinia | Prinia flaviventris |
| 193 | Plain Prinia | Prinia inornata |
| 194 | Zitting Cisticola | Cisticola juncidis |
| ||
| 195 | /Black-browed Reed Warbler/ | Acrocephalus bistrigiceps |
| 196 | /Oriental Reed Warbler/ | Acrocephalus orientalis |
| ||
| 197 | /Lanceolated Warbler/ | Locustella lanceolata |
| 198 | Striated Grassbird | Megalurus palustris |
| ||
| 199 | Pygmy Cupwing | Pnoepyga pusilla |
| ||
| 200 | Dusky Crag-Martin | Ptyonoprogne concolor |
| 201 | /Barn Swallow/ | Hirundo rustica |
| 202 | /Asian House-Martin/ | Delichon dasypus |
| 203 | /Eastern Red-rumped Swallow/ | Cecropis daurica |
| ||
| 204 | Puff-throated Bulbul | Alophoixus pallidus |
| 205 | Gray-eyed Bulbul | Iole propinqua |
| 206 | Black Bulbul | Hypsipetes leucocephalus |
| 207 | Black-crested Bulbul | Rubigula flaviventris |
| 208 | Stripe-throated Bulbul | Pycnonotus finlaysoni |
| 209 | Red-whiskered Bulbul | Pycnonotus jocosus |
| 210 | Sooty-headed Bulbul | Pycnonotus aurigaster |
| ||
| 211 | /Yellow-browed Warbler/ | Phylloscopus inornatus |
| 212 | /Radde's Warbler/ | Phylloscopus schwarzi |
| 213 | /Dusky Warbler/ | Phylloscopus fuscatus |
| 214 | Gray-cheeked Warbler | Phylloscopus poliogenys |
| 215 | /Gray-crowned Warbler/ | Phylloscopus tephrocephalus |
| 216 | /Greenish Warbler/ | Phylloscopus trochiloides |
| 217 | /Pale-legged Leaf Warbler/ | Phylloscopus tenellipes |
| 218 | /Arctic Warbler/ | Phylloscopus borealis |
| 219 | Limestone Leaf Warbler | Phylloscopus calciatilis |
| 220 | |Sulphur-breasted Warbler| | Phylloscopus ricketti |
| 221 | Blyth's Leaf Warbler | Phylloscopus reguloides |
| 222 | Davison's Leaf Warbler | Phylloscopus intensior |
| ||
| 223 | /Asian Stubtail/ | Urosphena squameiceps |
| 224 | Slaty-bellied Tesia | Tesia olivea |
| 225 | Yellow-bellied Warbler | Abroscopus superciliaris |
| ||
| 226 | Striated Yuhina | Staphida castaniceps |
| 227 | Indochinese Yuhina | Staphida torqueola |
| 228 | /Swinhoe's White-eye/ | Zosterops simplex |
| 229 | Hume's White-eye | Zosterops auriventer |
| ||
| 230 | Pin-striped Tit-Babbler | Mixornis gularis |
| 231 | Rufous-fronted Babbler | Cyanoderma rufifrons |
| 232 | Streak-breasted Scimitar-Babbler | Pomatorhinus ruficollis |
| 233 | White-browed Scimitar-Babbler | Pomatorhinus schisticeps |
| 234 | Large Scimitar-Babbler | Erythrogenys hypoleucos |
| 235 | Gray-throated Babbler | Stachyris nigriceps |
| 236 | Sooty Babbler | Stachyris herberti |
| 237 | Spot-necked Babbler | Stachyris strialata |
| ||
| 238 | Scaly-crowned Babbler | Malacopteron cinereum |
| 239 | Rufous-throated Fulvetta | Schoeniparus rufogularis |
| 240 | Puff-throated Babbler | Pellorneum ruficeps |
| 241 | Spot-throated Babbler | Pellorneum albiventre |
| 242 | Buff-breasted Babbler | Pellorneum tickelli |
| 243 | Abbott's Babbler | Malacocincla abbotti |
| 244 | Streaked Wren-Babbler | Gypsophila brevicaudata |
| 245 | Eyebrowed Wren-Babbler | Napothera epilepidota |
| 246 | Short-tailed Scimitar-Babbler | Napothera danjoui |
| ||
| 247 | Brown-cheeked Fulvetta | Alcippe poioicephala |
| 248 | Black-browed Fulvetta | Alcippe grotei |
| 249 | David's Fulvetta | Alcippe davidi |
| 250 | Mountain Fulvetta | Alcippe peracensis |
| 251 | Chinese Hwamei | Garrulax canorus |
| 252 | Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush | Garrulax monileger |
| 253 | White-crested Laughingthrush | Garrulax leucolophus |
| 254 | Gray Laughingthrush | Garrulax maesi |
| 255 | Black-throated Laughingthrush | Pterorhinus chinensis |
| 256 | Masked Laughingthrush | Pterorhinus perspicillatus |
| 257 | Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush | Pterorhinus pectoralis |
| ||
| 258 | Tenggara Hill Myna | Gracula venerata |
| 259 | Black-collared Starling | Gracupica nigricollis |
| 260 | White-shouldered Starling | Sturnia sinensis |
| 261 | Chestnut-tailed Starling | Sturnia malabarica |
| 262 | Common Myna | Acridotheres tristis |
| 263 | Vinous-breasted Myna | Acridotheres leucocephalus |
| 264 | Great Myna | Acridotheres grandis |
| 265 | Crested Myna | Acridotheres cristatellus |
| ||
| 266 | /Siberian Thrush/ | Geokichla sibirica |
| 267 | Orange-headed Thrush | Geokichla citrina |
| 268 | /White's Thrush/ | Zoothera aurea |
| 269 | Scaly Thrush | Zoothera dauma |
| 270 | /Chinese Blackbird/ | Turdus mandarinus |
| 271 | /Eurasian Blackbird/ | Turdus merula |
| 272 | Gray-winged Blackbird | Turdus boulboul |
| 273 | /Japanese Thrush/ | Turdus cardis |
| 274 | /Gray-backed Thrush/ | Turdus hortulorum |
| 275 | /Eyebrowed Thrush/ | Turdus obscurus |
| 276 | Green Cochoa | Cochoa viridis |
| ||
| 277 | /Dark-sided Flycatcher/ | Muscicapa sibirica |
| 278 | /Asian Brown Flycatcher/ | Muscicapa dauurica |
| 279 | Oriental Magpie-Robin | Copsychus saularis |
| 280 | White-rumped Shama | Copsychus malabaricus |
| 281 | White-tailed Flycatcher | Leucoptilon concretus |
| 282 | /Fujian Niltava/ | Niltava davidi |
| 283 | |Blue-and-white Flycatcher| | Cyanoptila cyanomelana |
| 284 | Verditer Flycatcher | Eumyias thalassinus |
| 285 | Hainan Blue Flycatcher | Cyornis hainanus |
| 286 | Pale Blue Flycatcher | Cyornis unicolor |
| 287 | |Chinese Blue Flycatcher| | Cyornis glaucicomans |
| 288 | Indochinese Blue Flycatcher | Cyornis sumatrensis |
| 289 | /Rufous-tailed Robin/ | Larvivora sibilans |
| 290 | /Siberian Blue Robin/ | Larvivora cyane |
| 291 | Blue Whistling-Thrush | Myophonus caeruleus |
| 292 | White-crowned Forktail | Enicurus leschenaulti |
| 293 | Slaty-backed Forktail | Enicurus schistaceus |
| 294 | /Siberian Rubythroat/ | Calliope calliope |
| 295 | White-tailed Robin | Myiomela leucurum |
| 296 | /Narcissus Flycatcher/ | Ficedula narcissina |
| 297 | /Taiga Flycatcher/ | Ficedula albicilla |
| 298 | Red-breasted Flycatcher | Ficedula parva |
| 299 | Plumbeous Redstart | Phoenicurus fuliginosus |
| 300 | /White-throated Rock-Thrush/ | Monticola gularis |
| 301 | /Blue Rock-Thrush/ | Monticola solitarius |
| 302 | Amur Stonechat | Saxicola stejnegeri |
| ||
| 303 | Thick-billed Flowerpecker | Pachyglossa agile |
| 304 | Yellow-vented Flowerpecker | Pachyglossa chrysorrheum |
| 305 | Plain Flowerpecker | Dicaeum minullum |
| 306 | Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker | Dicaeum cruentatum |
| ||
| 307 | Garden Sunbird | Cinnyris jugularis |
| 308 | Crimson Sunbird | Aethopyga siparaja |
| 309 | Fork-tailed Sunbird | Aethopyga christinae |
| 310 | Little Spiderhunter | Arachnothera longirostra |
| 311 | Streaked Spiderhunter | Arachnothera magna |
| 312 | Purple-naped Spiderhunter | Kurochkinegramma hypogrammicum |
| ||
| 313 | Asian Fairy-bluebird | Irena puella |
| ||
| 314 | Blue-winged Leafbird | Chloropsis moluccensis |
| 315 | Golden-fronted Leafbird | Chloropsis aurifrons |
| 316 | Orange-bellied Leafbird | Chloropsis hardwickii |
| ||
| 317 | Baya Weaver | Ploceus philippinus |
| ||
| 318 | White-rumped Munia | Lonchura striata |
| 319 | Scaly-breasted Munia | Lonchura punctulata |
| ||
| 320 | House Sparrow | Passer domesticus |
| 321 | Eurasian Tree Sparrow | Passer montanus |
| ||
| 322 | /Forest Wagtail/ | Dendronanthus indicus |
| 323 | /Gray Wagtail/ | Motacilla cinerea |
| 324 | /White Wagtail/ | Motacilla alba |
| 325 | /Richard's Pipit/ | Anthus richardi |
| 326 | Paddyfield Pipit | Anthus rufulus |
| 327 | /Olive-backed Pipit/ | Anthus hodgsoni |
*Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through 2021 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
**Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.
OTHER LOCALES
PRESENCE CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| // | Boreal Visitor | 59 |
| \\ | Austral Visitor | 0 |
| || | Transient | 6 |
| ## | Non-breeding Dispersal | 0 |
| <> | Erratic/Irregular | 1 |
| () | Breeding Season Only | 2 |
| {} | Casual/Vagrant | 1 |
| [] | Accidental | 0 |
STATUS CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| NT | Near Threatened | 7 |
| V | Vulnerable | 2 |
| EN | Endangered | 3 |
| CR | Critically Endangered | 1 |
Species counts in code tables depend on completeness of the data. For some countries or locales, data may not include all species or information on species presence may be incomplete.