CAÑO NEGRO WILDLIFE REFUGE

# Species:	406
# Excl Vagrants:	406
# Endemics:	1
# Near Endemics:	1

SPECIALTY BIRDS LIST

List of species at this locale that are endemic (E), near endemic (NE), have restricted ranges in the country (RR), or that occur only locally (LC) in the country excluding vagrants and accidentals. Table also shows species with globally threatened or endangered status according to the IUCN.*

color codes

1	Fulvous Whistling-Duck	Dendrocygna bicolor	RR
2	Masked Duck	Nomonyx dominicus	LC
3	Crested Guan	Penelope purpurascens		NT
4	Great Curassow	Crax rubra	LC	V
5	/Chuck-will's-widow/	Antrostomus carolinensis		NT
6	\|Chimney Swift\|	Chaetura pelagica		V
7	Black-crested Coquette	Lophornis helenae	RR
8	Plain-capped Starthroat	Heliomaster constantii	RR
9	Snowcap	Microchera albocoronata	LC
10	Yellow-breasted Crake	Hapalocrex flaviventer	LC
11	Sungrebe	Heliornis fulica	LC
12	Limpkin	Aramus guarauna	RR
13	Double-striped Thick-knee	Hesperoburhinus bistriatus	RR
14	Collared Plover	Anarhynchus collaris	LC
15	/Semipalmated Sandpiper/	Calidris pusilla		NT
16	Jabiru	Jabiru mycteria	RR
17	Fasciated Tiger-Heron	Tigrisoma fasciatum	LC
18	Boat-billed Heron	Cochlearius cochlearius	LC
19	Agami Heron	Agamia agami	LC	V
20	Pinnated Bittern	Botaurus pinnatus	LC
21	/Reddish Egret/	Egretta rufescens		NT
22	Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture	Cathartes burrovianus	RR
23	Gray-headed Kite	Leptodon cayanensis	LC
24	Ornate Hawk-Eagle	Spizaetus ornatus		NT
25	Harris's Hawk	Parabuteo unicinctus	RR
26	Striped Owl	Asio clamator	LC
27	Pied Puffbird	Notharchus tectus	RR
28	Yellow-throated Toucan	Ramphastos ambiguus		NT
29	Keel-billed Toucan	Ramphastos sulfuratus		NT
30	Crested Caracara	Caracara cheriway	RR
31	White-fronted Parrot	Amazona albifrons	RR
32	Olive-throated Parakeet	Eupsittula nana		NT
33	Orange-fronted Parakeet	Eupsittula canicularis	RR	V
34	Tropical Royal-Flycatcher	Onychorhynchus coronatus	E
35	Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet	Camptostoma imberbe	RR
36	\|Olive-sided Flycatcher\|	Contopus cooperi		NT
37	Fork-tailed Flycatcher	Tyrannus savana	LC
38	White-throated Magpie-Jay	Calocitta formosa	RR
39	White-lored Gnatcatcher	Polioptila albiloris	RR
40	Spot-breasted Wren	Pheugopedius maculipectus	RR
41	Eastern Meadowlark	Sturnella magna		NT
42	Red-breasted Meadowlark	Leistes militaris	RR
43	Yellow-tailed Oriole	Icterus mesomelas	LC
44	Nicaraguan Grackle	Quiscalus nicaraguensis	NE
45	/Golden-winged Warbler/	Vermivora chrysoptera		NT
46	Ruddy-breasted Seedeater	Sporophila minuta	LC

*Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through 2021 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
**Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.

OTHER LOCALES

PRESENCE CODES

Code	Description	##
//	Boreal Visitor	8
\\	Austral Visitor	0
\|\|	Transient	3
##	Non-breeding Dispersal	0
<>	Erratic/Irregular	6
()	Breeding Season Only	0
{}	Casual/Vagrant	4
[]	Accidental	5

DISTRIBUTION CODES

Code	Description	##
E	Endemic	11
LC	Local	46
NE	Near Endemic	78
RR	Restricted Range	77

STATUS CODES

Code	Description	##
NT	Near Threatened	11
V	Vulnerable	4
EN	Endangered	0
CR	Critically Endangered	0

Species counts in code tables depend on completeness of the data. For some countries or locales, data may not include all species or information on species presence may be incomplete.