SAN BLAS FOOTHILLS

Area (ha):	60,000
# Species:	351
# Excl Vagrants:	351
# Endemics:	2
# Near Endemics:	13
Species/100 ha:	0.6
Habitat: Foothill and lowland forest

SPECIALTY BIRDS LIST

List of species at this locale that are endemic (E), near endemic (NE), have restricted ranges in the country (RR), or that occur only locally (LC) in the country excluding vagrants and accidentals. Table also shows species with globally threatened or endangered status according to the IUCN.*

color codes

1	Crested Guan	Penelope purpurascens		NT
2	Great Curassow	Crax rubra	LC	V
3	Tawny-faced Quail	Rhynchortyx cinctus	LC	NT
4	Black-eared Wood-Quail	Odontophorus melanotis	LC	NT
5	Purplish-backed Quail-Dove	Zentrygon lawrencii	NE
6	Russet-crowned Quail-Dove	Zentrygon goldmani	NE	NT
7	Rufous-vented Ground-Cuckoo	Neomorphus geoffroyi	LC	V
8	Short-tailed Swift	Chaetura brachyura	RR
9	Garden Emerald	Chlorostilbon assimilis	NE
10	Violet-capped Hummingbird	Goldmania violiceps	NE	NT
11	Snowy-bellied Hummingbird	Saucerottia edward	NE
12	Sungrebe	Heliornis fulica	LC
13	Fasciated Tiger-Heron	Tigrisoma fasciatum	LC
14	Agami Heron	Agamia agami		V
15	Ornate Hawk-Eagle	Spizaetus ornatus		NT
16	Plumbeous Hawk	Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea		NT
17	Bare-shanked Screech-Owl	Megascops clarkii	RR
18	Barred Puffbird	Nystalus radiatus	RR
19	Spot-crowned Barbet	Capito maculicoronatus	NE
20	Yellow-throated Toucan	Ramphastos ambiguus		NT
21	Keel-billed Toucan	Ramphastos sulfuratus		NT
22	Stripe-cheeked Woodpecker	Piculus callopterus	E
23	Aplomado Falcon	Falco femoralis	RR
24	Blue-fronted Parrotlet	Touit dilectissimus	RR
25	Brown-throated Parakeet	Eupsittula pertinax	RR
26	Spiny-faced Antshrike	Xenornis setifrons	NE	NT
27	Dull-mantled Antbird	Sipia laemosticta	NE
28	Thicket Antpitta	Myrmothera dives	RR
29	Choco Manakin	Cryptopipo litae	RR
30	Velvety Manakin	Lepidothrix velutina	RR
31	Golden-collared Manakin	Manacus vitellinus	NE
32	Tropical Royal-Flycatcher	Onychorhynchus coronatus	E
33	Southern Bentbill	Oncostoma olivaceum	NE
34	\|Olive-sided Flycatcher\|	Contopus cooperi		NT
35	Choco Sirystes	Sirystes albogriseus	RR
36	Slate-throated Gnatcatcher	Polioptila schistaceigula	LC
37	Stripe-throated Wren	Cantorchilus leucopogon	RR
38	Isthmian Wren	Cantorchilus elutus	NE
39	Eastern Meadowlark	Sturnella magna		NT
40	\|Cerulean Warbler\|	Setophaga cerulea		NT
41	Hepatic Tanager	Piranga flava	LC
42	Gray-and-gold Tanager	Poecilostreptus palmeri	RR
43	Rufous-winged Tanager	Tangara lavinia	RR
44	Swallow Tanager	Tersina viridis	RR
45	Sulphur-rumped Tanager	Heterospingus rubrifrons	NE
46	Black-and-yellow Tanager	Chrysothlypis chrysomelas	NE
47	White-eared Conebill	Conirostrum leucogenys	RR

*Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through 2021 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
**Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.

OTHER LOCALES

PRESENCE CODES

Code	Description	##
//	Boreal Visitor	5
\\	Austral Visitor	1
\|\|	Transient	4
##	Non-breeding Dispersal	1
<>	Erratic/Irregular	4
()	Breeding Season Only	0
{}	Casual/Vagrant	10
[]	Accidental	11

DISTRIBUTION CODES

Code	Description	##
E	Endemic	9
LC	Local	54
NE	Near Endemic	102
RR	Restricted Range	105

STATUS CODES

Code	Description	##
NT	Near Threatened	13
V	Vulnerable	3
EN	Endangered	0
CR	Critically Endangered	0

Species counts in code tables depend on completeness of the data. For some countries or locales, data may not include all species or information on species presence may be incomplete.