PICO CALEDONIA

Altitude (m):	1900-2200
# Species:	258
# Excl Vagrants:	258
# Endemics:	36
# Near Endemics:	5
Habitat: High elevation forest, scrub

BIRD CHECKLIST

The table below lists species recorded at this locale but does not indicate frequency of occurrence there. It does indicate whether each species is globally threatened or endangered according to the IUCN and also whether it is migratory, very rare, or accidental in the country. The list is based on available data and may be incomplete.*

color codes

Tinamous: Tinamidae
1	Brown Tinamou	Crypturellus obsoletus	?
Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows: Cracidae
2	Dusky-legged Guan	Penelope obscura	?
Pigeons and Doves: Columbidae
3	Rock Pigeon	Columba livia	?
4	Pale-vented Pigeon	Patagioenas cayennensis	?
5	Picazuro Pigeon	Patagioenas picazuro	C
6	Plumbeous Pigeon	Patagioenas plumbea	UC
7	Ruddy Ground Dove	Columbina talpacoti	?
8	White-tipped Dove	Leptotila verreauxi	C
9	Gray-fronted Dove	Leptotila rufaxilla	?
Cuckoos: Cuculidae
10	Guira Cuckoo	Guira guira	?
11	Smooth-billed Ani	Crotophaga ani	?
12	Squirrel Cuckoo	Piaya cayana	?
Nightjars and Allies: Caprimulgidae
13	Common Pauraque	Nyctidromus albicollis	?
14	Long-trained Nightjar	Macropsalis forcipata	?
Potoos: Nyctibiidae
15	Common Potoo	Nyctibius griseus	?
Swifts: Apodidae
16	White-collared Swift	Streptoprocne zonaris	?
17	Biscutate Swift	Streptoprocne biscutata	?
18	Sick's Swift	Chaetura meridionalis	?
Hummingbirds: Trochilidae
19	Black Jacobin	Florisuga fusca	?
20	Saw-billed Hermit	Ramphodon naevius	?
21	Planalto Hermit	Phaethornis pretrei	?
22	Scale-throated Hermit	Phaethornis eurynome	?
23	Brazilian Ruby	Heliodoxa rubricauda	?
24	Amethyst Woodstar	Calliphlox amethystina	?
25	Glittering-bellied Emerald	Chlorostilbon lucidus	?
26	Green-crowned Plovercrest	Stephanoxis lalandi	?
27	Violet-capped Woodnymph	Thalurania glaucopis	?
28	Swallow-tailed Hummingbird	Eupetomena macroura	?
29	Sombre Hummingbird	Eupetomena cirrochloris	?
30	Versicolored Emerald	Chrysuronia versicolor	?
31	White-throated Hummingbird	Leucochloris albicollis	?
32	Glittering-throated Emerald	Chionomesa fimbriata	?
33	Sapphire-spangled Emerald	Chionomesa lactea	?
Rails, Gallinules, and Coots: Rallidae
34	Slaty-breasted Wood-Rail	Aramides saracura	?
Plovers and Lapwings: Charadriidae
35	Southern Lapwing	Vanellus chilensis	?
Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns: Ardeidae
36	Rufescent Tiger-Heron	Tigrisoma lineatum	?
37	Whistling Heron	Syrigma sibilatrix	?
38	Western Cattle-Egret	Bubulcus ibis	?
39	Great Egret	Ardea alba	?
40	Cocoi Heron	Ardea cocoi	?
New World Vultures: Cathartidae
41	Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus	?
42	Turkey Vulture	Cathartes aura	?
43	Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture	Cathartes burrovianus	?
Hawks, Eagles, and Kites: Accipitridae
44	Swallow-tailed Kite	Elanoides forficatus	?
45	Black Hawk-Eagle	Spizaetus tyrannus	?
46	Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle	Spizaetus melanoleucus	?
47	Sharp-shinned Hawk	Accipiter striatus	?
48	Rufous-thighed Hawk**	Accipiter erythronemius	?
49	Savanna Hawk	Buteogallus meridionalis	?
50	Chaco Eagle	Buteogallus coronatus	?
51	Roadside Hawk	Rupornis magnirostris	?
52	White-rumped Hawk	Parabuteo leucorrhous	?
53	White-tailed Hawk	Geranoaetus albicaudatus	?
54	Short-tailed Hawk	Buteo brachyurus	?
55	Zone-tailed Hawk	Buteo albonotatus	?
Owls: Strigidae
56	Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl	Glaucidium brasilianum	?
57	Burrowing Owl	Athene cunicularia	?
58	Rusty-barred Owl	Strix hylophila	?
Trogons: Trogonidae
59	Green-backed Trogon	Trogon viridis	?
60	Surucua Trogon	Trogon surrucura	?
61	Atlantic Black-throated Trogon	Trogon chrysochloros	?
Motmots: Momotidae
62	Rufous-capped Motmot	Baryphthengus ruficapillus	?
Puffbirds: Bucconidae
63	White-eared Puffbird	Nystalus chacuru	?
Toucans: Ramphastidae
64	Saffron Toucanet	Pteroglossus bailloni	?
65	Channel-billed Toucan	Ramphastos vitellinus	?
Woodpeckers: Picidae
66	White-barred Piculet	Picumnus cirratus	?
67	White Woodpecker	Melanerpes candidus	?
68	Yellow-eared Woodpecker	Dryobates maculifrons	?
69	Lineated Woodpecker	Dryocopus lineatus	?
70	Blond-crested Woodpecker	Celeus flavescens	?
71	Yellow-throated Woodpecker	Piculus flavigula	?
72	White-browed Woodpecker	Piculus aurulentus	?
73	Green-barred Woodpecker	Colaptes melanochloros	?
74	Campo Flicker	Colaptes campestris	?
Seriemas: Cariamidae
75	Red-legged Seriema	Cariama cristata	?
Falcons and Caracaras: Falconidae
76	Barred Forest-Falcon	Micrastur ruficollis	?
77	Crested Caracara	Caracara cheriway	FC
78	Yellow-headed Caracara	Daptrius chimachima	?
79	American Kestrel	Falco sparverius	FC
80	Aplomado Falcon	Falco femoralis	?
Parrots: Psittacidae
81	Plain Parakeet	Brotogeris tirica	?
82	Pileated Parrot	Pionopsitta pileata	?
83	Scaly-headed Parrot	Pionus maximiliani	?
84	Maroon-bellied Parakeet	Pyrrhura frontalis	?
85	White-eyed Parakeet	Psittacara leucophthalmus	FC
Typical Antbirds: Thamnophilidae
86	Giant Antshrike	Batara cinerea	UC
87	Large-tailed Antshrike	Mackenziaena leachii	UC
88	Tufted Antshrike	Mackenziaena severa	?
89	Rufous-capped Antshrike	Thamnophilus ruficapillus	FC
90	Variable Antshrike	Thamnophilus caerulescens	?
91	Spot-breasted Antvireo	Dysithamnus stictothorax	?
92	Plain Antvireo	Dysithamnus mentalis	?
93	Rufous-backed Antvireo	Dysithamnus xanthopterus	?
94	White-flanked Antwren	Myrmotherula axillaris	?
95	Rufous-margined Antwren	Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus	?
96	Ferruginous Antbird	Drymophila ferruginea	?
97	Bertoni's Antbird	Drymophila rubricollis	?
98	Rufous-tailed Antbird	Drymophila genei	?
99	Ochre-rumped Antbird	Drymophila ochropyga	?
100	Dusky-tailed Antbird	Drymophila malura	?
101	Streak-capped Antwren	Terenura maculata	?
102	White-shouldered Fire-eye	Pyriglena leucoptera	?
Gnateaters: Conopophagidae
103	Black-cheeked Gnateater	Conopophaga melanops	?
104	Rufous Gnateater	Conopophaga lineata	?
Antpittas: Grallariidae
105	Variegated Antpitta	Grallaria varia	?
Tapaculos: Rhinocryptidae
106	Mouse-colored Tapaculo	Scytalopus speluncae	?
Antthrushes: Formicariidae
107	Rufous-tailed Antthrush	Chamaeza ruficauda	?
Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers: Furnariidae
108	Olivaceous Woodcreeper	Sittasomus griseicapillus	?
109	Plain-winged Woodcreeper	Dendrocincla turdina	?
110	Planalto Woodcreeper	Dendrocolaptes platyrostris	?
111	White-throated Woodcreeper	Xiphocolaptes albicollis	?
112	Lesser Woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus fuscus	?
113	Black-billed Scythebill	Campylorhamphus falcularius	?
114	Scaled Woodcreeper	Lepidocolaptes squamatus	?
115	Atlantic Plain-Xenops	Xenops minutus	?
116	Streaked Xenops	Xenops rutilans	?
117	Wing-banded Hornero	Furnarius figulus	?
118	Rufous Hornero	Furnarius rufus	?
119	Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper	Lochmias nematura	?
120	Sharp-billed Treehunter	Heliobletus contaminatus	?
121	White-browed Foliage-gleaner	Anabacerthia amaurotis	?
122	Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner	Syndactyla rufosuperciliata	FC
123	Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner	Dendroma rufum	?
124	White-eyed Foliage-gleaner	Automolus leucophthalmus	?
125	Rufous-fronted Thornbird	Phacellodomus rufifrons	?
126	Orange-eyed Thornbird	Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus	UC
127	Itatiaia Spinetail	Asthenes moreirae	?
128	Pallid Spinetail	Cranioleuca pallida	?
129	Rufous-capped Spinetail	Synallaxis ruficapilla	?
130	Gray-bellied Spinetail	Synallaxis cinerascens	?
131	Spix's Spinetail	Synallaxis spixi	?
Manakins: Pipridae
132	Serra do Mar Tyrant-Manakin	Neopelma chrysolophum	?
133	Swallow-tailed Manakin	Chiroxiphia caudata	?
134	Pin-tailed Manakin	Ilicura militaris	?
135	White-bearded Manakin	Manacus manacus	?
Cotingas: Cotingidae
136	Hooded Berryeater	Carpornis cucullata	?
137	Swallow-tailed Cotinga	Phibalura flavirostris	?
138	Black-and-gold Cotinga	Lipaugus atra	UC
139	Gray-winged Cotinga	Lipaugus condita	R
140	Bare-throated Bellbird	Procnias nudicollis	?
Tityras and Allies: Tityridae
141	Black-tailed Tityra	Tityra cayana	?
142	Greenish Schiffornis	Schiffornis virescens	?
143	Chestnut-crowned Becard	Pachyramphus castaneus	?
144	White-winged Becard	Pachyramphus polychopterus	?
145	Black-capped Becard	Pachyramphus marginatus	?
Sharpbill: Oxyruncidae
146	Sharpbill	Oxyruncus cristatus	?
Tyrant Flycatchers: Tyrannidae
147	White-throated Spadebill	Platyrinchus mystaceus	?
148	Gray-hooded Flycatcher	Mionectes rufiventris	?
149	Sepia-capped Flycatcher	Leptopogon amaurocephalus	?
150	Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet	Phylloscartes ventralis	UC
151	Serra do Mar Bristle-Tyrant	Pogonotriccus difficilis	FC
152	Eared Pygmy-Tyrant	Myiornis auricularis	?
153	Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher	Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps	UC
154	Gray-headed Tody-Flycatcher	Todirostrum poliocephalum	?
155	Yellow-olive Flatbill	Tolmomyias sulphurescens	?
156	Cliff Flycatcher	Hirundinea ferruginea	?
157	Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet	Camptostoma obsoletum	?
158	Mouse-colored Tyrannulet	Nesotriccus murinus	?
159	Gray-backed Tachuri	Polystictus superciliaris	?
160	Gray-headed Elaenia	Myiopagis caniceps	?
161	Yellow-bellied Elaenia	Elaenia flavogaster	?
162	Olivaceous Elaenia	Elaenia mesoleuca	?
163	Small-headed Elaenia	Elaenia sordida	?
164	White-crested Tyrannulet	Serpophaga subcristata	?
165	&Greenish Tyrannuletl	Phyllomyias virescens	UC
166	Planalto Tyrannulet	Phyllomyias fasciatus	?
167	Gray-capped Tyrannulet	Phyllomyias griseocapilla	?
168	Rough-legged Tyrannulet	Acrochordopus burmeisteri	UC
169	Bran-colored Flycatcher	Myiophobus fasciatus	?
170	Euler's Flycatcher	Lathrotriccus euleri	?
171	Velvety Black-Tyrant	Knipolegus nigerrimus	?
172	Blue-billed Black-Tyrant	Knipolegus cyanirostris	UC
173	White-headed Marsh Tyrant	Arundinicola leucocephala	?
174	Masked Water-Tyrant	Fluvicola nengeta	?
175	Shear-tailed Gray Tyrant	Muscipipra vetula	UC
176	Long-tailed Tyrant	Colonia colonus	?
177	Gray-hooded Attila	Attila rufus	?
178	Swainson's Flycatcher	Myiarchus swainsoni	?
179	Short-crested Flycatcher	Myiarchus ferox	?
180	Cattle Tyrant	Machetornis rixosa	?
181	Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus	?
182	Boat-billed Flycatcher	Megarynchus pitangua	?
183	Rusty-margined Flycatcher	Myiozetetes cayanensis	?
184	Social Flycatcher	Myiozetetes similis	?
185	Streaked Flycatcher	Myiodynastes maculatus	?
186	Piratic Flycatcher	Legatus leucophaius	?
187	Variegated Flycatcher	Empidonomus varius	?
188	Tropical Kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus	?
Vireos, Shrike-Babblers, and Erpornis: Vireonidae
189	Rufous-browed Peppershrike	Cyclarhis gujanensis	?
190	Rufous-crowned Greenlet	Hylophilus poicilotis	?
191	Gray-eyed Greenlet	Hylophilus amaurocephalus	?
192	Lemon-chested Greenlet	Hylophilus thoracicus	FC
193	Chivi Vireo	Vireo chiri	?
Crows, Jays, and Magpies: Corvidae
194	Curl-crested Jay	Cyanocorax cristatellus	?
Swallows: Hirundinidae
195	Brown-chested Martin	Progne tapera	?
196	Southern Rough-winged Swallow	Stelgidopteryx ruficollis	?
197	White-thighed Swallow	Atticora tibialis	?
198	Blue-and-white Swallow	Pygochelidon cyanoleuca	C
Wrens: Troglodytidae
199	Southern House Wren	Troglodytes musculus	?
Mockingbirds and Thrashers: Mimidae
200	Chalk-browed Mockingbird	Mimus saturninus	?
Thrushes and Allies: Turdidae
201	Yellow-legged Thrush	Turdus flavipes	FC
202	Pale-breasted Thrush	Turdus leucomelas	C
203	White-necked Thrush	Turdus albicollis	?
204	Rufous-bellied Thrush	Turdus rufiventris	?
205	Creamy-bellied Thrush	Turdus amaurochalinus	?
Old World Sparrows: Passeridae
206	House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	?
Finches, Euphonias, and Allies: Fringillidae
207	Blue-naped Chlorophonia	Chlorophonia cyanea	?
208	Purple-throated Euphonia	Euphonia chlorotica	?
209	Violaceous Euphonia	Euphonia violacea	?
210	Orange-bellied Euphonia	Euphonia xanthogaster	?
211	Chestnut-bellied Euphonia	Euphonia pectoralis	?
212	Hooded Siskin	Spinus magellanicus	?
New World Sparrows: Passerellidae
213	Half-collared Sparrow	Arremon semitorquatus	?
214	Rufous-collared Sparrow	Zonotrichia capensis	?
Troupials and Allies: Icteridae
215	Crested Oropendola	Psarocolius decumanus	?
216	Red-rumped Cacique	Cacicus haemorrhous	?
217	Shiny Cowbird	Molothrus bonariensis	?
New World Warblers: Parulidae
218	Southern Yellowthroat	Geothlypis velata	?
219	Tropical Parula	Setophaga pitiayumi	FC
220	Golden-crowned Warbler	Basileuterus culicivorus	?
221	White-browed Warbler	Myiothlypis leucoblephara	?
Cardinals and Allies: Cardinalidae
222	Hepatic Tanager	Piranga flava	?
223	Yellow-green Grosbeak	Caryothraustes canadensis	?
Tanagers and Allies: Thraupidae
224	Brown Tanager	Orchesticus abeillei	?
225	Cinnamon Tanager	Schistochlamys ruficapillus	?
226	Magpie Tanager	Cissopis leverianus	?
227	Chestnut-headed Tanager	Thlypopsis pyrrhocoma	?
228	Black-goggled Tanager	Trichothraupis melanops	?
229	Flame-crested Tanager	Loriotus cristatus	?
230	Ruby-crowned Tanager	Tachyphonus coronatus	?
231	Brazilian Tanager	Ramphocelus bresilius	?
232	Diademed Tanager	Stephanophorus diadematus	?
233	Fawn-breasted Tanager	Pipraeidea melanonota	?
234	Sayaca Tanager	Thraupis sayaca	?
235	Azure-shouldered Tanager	Thraupis cyanoptera	?
236	Golden-chevroned Tanager	Thraupis ornata	?
237	Palm Tanager	Thraupis palmarum	?
238	Burnished-buff Tanager	Stilpnia cayana	?
239	White-bellied Tanager	Tangara brasiliensis	?
240	Green-headed Tanager	Tangara seledon	?
241	Red-necked Tanager	Tangara cyanocephala	?
242	Brassy-breasted Tanager	Tangara desmaresti	?
243	Gilt-edged Tanager	Tangara cyanoventris	?
244	Swallow Tanager	Tersina viridis	?
245	Blue Dacnis	Dacnis cayana	?
246	Green Honeycreeper	Chlorophanes spiza	?
247	Yellow-backed Tanager	Hemithraupis flavicollis	?
248	Chestnut-vented Conebill	Conirostrum speciosum	?
249	Uniform Finch	Haplospiza unicolor	?
250	Bay-chested Warbling Finch	Castanozoster thoracica	?
251	Saffron Finch	Sicalis flaveola	?
252	White-bellied Seedeater	Sporophila leucoptera	?
253	Double-collared Seedeater	Sporophila caerulescens	?
254	Buffy-fronted Seedeater	Sporophila frontalis	?
255	Bananaquit	Coereba flaveola	?
256	Buff-throated Saltator	Saltator maximus	?
257	Green-winged Saltator	Saltator similis	?
258	Thick-billed Saltator	Saltator maxillosus	?

*Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through 2021 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
**Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.

OTHER LOCALES

PRESENCE CODES

Code	Description	##
//	Boreal Visitor	0
\\	Austral Visitor	0
\|\|	Transient	0
##	Non-breeding Dispersal	0
<>	Erratic/Irregular	0
()	Breeding Season Only	0
{}	Casual/Vagrant	0
[]	Accidental	0

OCCURRENCE CODES

Code	Description	##
A	Abundant/Very Common	0
C	Common	4
FC	Fairly/Locally Common	9
UC	Uncommon/Scarce	11
R	Rare/Very Scarce	1
VR	Very Rare	0
X	Accidental/Vagrant	0
?	Uncertain	232

STATUS CODES

Code	Description	##
NT	Near Threatened	10
V	Vulnerable	3
EN	Endangered	1
CR	Critically Endangered	0

Species counts in code tables depend on completeness of the data. For some countries or locales, data may not include all species or information on species presence may be incomplete.