↑ECUADOR
ECUADOR↑

TARGETS
SPECIALTIES

TAPICHALACA RESERVE

ECUADORLOCALE

Area (ha):2,000
Altitude (m):1980-3050
# Species:379
# Excl Vagrants:379
# Endemics:0
# Near Endemics:27
Species/100 ha:19.0
Habitat: Wet temperate forest

BIRD CHECKLIST

The table below lists species recorded at this locale but does not indicate frequency of occurrence there. It does indicate whether each species is globally threatened or endangered according to the IUCN and also whether it is migratory, very rare, or accidental in the country. The list is based on available data and may be incomplete.*

color codes

 
Tinamous: Tinamidae

1Tawny-breasted TinamouNothocercus juliusR
2Highland TinamouNothocercus bonaparteiR

 
Ducks: Anatidae

3Torrent DuckMerganetta armataUC
4Andean TealAnas andiumUC

 
Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows: Cracidae

5Bearded GuanPenelope barbata 
6Sickle-winged GuanChamaepetes goudotiiUC

 
New World Quail: Odontophoridae

7Rufous-breasted Wood-QuailOdontophorus speciosusR

 
Pigeons and Doves: Columbidae

8Rock PigeonColumba livia?
9Band-tailed PigeonPatagioenas fasciataC
10Plumbeous PigeonPatagioenas plumbea?
11Ruddy PigeonPatagioenas subvinaceaUC
12&Maroon-chested Ground DovelParaclaravis mondetouraR
13White-tipped DoveLeptotila verreauxi 
14White-throated Quail-DoveZentrygon frenataUC

 
Cuckoos: Cuculidae

15Smooth-billed AniCrotophaga aniUC
16Squirrel CuckooPiaya cayanaUC

 
Nightjars and Allies: Caprimulgidae

17Rufous-bellied NighthawkLurocalis rufiventrisR
18Common PauraqueNyctidromus albicollisFC
19Swallow-tailed NightjarUropsalis segmentataUC
20Lyre-tailed NightjarUropsalis lyraR
21Band-winged NightjarSystellura longirostrisUC

 
Potoos: Nyctibiidae

22Common PotooNyctibius griseusR
23Andean PotooNyctibius maculosusR

 
Oilbird: Steatornithidae

24OilbirdSteatornis caripensisR

 
Swifts: Apodidae

25Chestnut-collared SwiftStreptoprocne rutilaUC
26White-collared SwiftStreptoprocne zonarisUC
27White-tipped SwiftAeronautes montivagus?

 
Hummingbirds: Trochilidae

28White-tipped SicklebillEutoxeres aquilaR
29Green HermitPhaethornis guy?
30Tawny-bellied HermitPhaethornis syrmatophorusUC
31Gray-chinned HermitPhaethornis griseogularis?
32Green-fronted LancebillDoryfera ludovicaeUC
33Lesser VioletearColibri cyanotusR
34Sparkling VioletearColibri coruscansR
35Amethyst-throated SunangelHeliangelus amethysticollisC
36Little SunangelHeliangelus micrasterC
37Purple-throated SunangelHeliangelus viola?
38Ecuadorian PiedtailPhlogophilus hemileucurus?
39Speckled HummingbirdAdelomyia melanogenysFC
40Long-tailed SylphAglaiocercus kingiiFC
41Green-headed HillstarOreotrochilus stolzmanniR
42Rufous-capped ThornbillChalcostigma ruficepsUC
43Rainbow-bearded ThornbillChalcostigma herraniUC
44Tyrian MetaltailMetallura tyrianthinaUC
45Viridian MetaltailMetallura williamiVR
46Neblina MetaltailMetallura odomaeFC
47Greenish PufflegHaplophaedia aureliaeUC
48Glowing PufflegEriocnemis vestitaFC
49Shining SunbeamAglaeactis cupripennisUC
50Bronzy IncaCoeligena coeligenaUC
51Collared IncaCoeligena torquataC
52Rainbow StarfrontletCoeligena irisFC
53Buff-winged StarfrontletCoeligena lutetiaeFC
54Mountain VelvetbreastLafresnaya lafresnayiUC
55Great SapphirewingPterophanes cyanopterusUC
56Chestnut-breasted CoronetBoissonneaua matthewsiiC
57White-booted Racket-tailOcreatus underwoodiiR
58Peruvian Racket-tailOcreatus peruanus?
59Green-backed HillstarUrochroa leucura?
60Fawn-breasted BrilliantHeliodoxa rubinoidesFC
61Violet-fronted BrilliantHeliodoxa leadbeateri?
62Long-billed StarthroatHeliomaster longirostris?
63White-bellied WoodstarChaetocercus mulsantFC
64Amazilia HummingbirdAmazilis amazilia?
65Andean EmeraldUranomitra franciaeR

 
Rails, Gallinules, and Coots: Rallidae

66Blackish RailPardirallus nigricansR
67/Sora/Porzana carolina?

 
Sandpipers and Allies: Scolopacidae

68/Upland Sandpiper/Bartramia longicaudaR
69Imperial SnipeGallinago imperialisUC
70Jameson's SnipeGallinago jamesoniFC
71/Spotted Sandpiper/Actitis maculariusR
72|Baird's Sandpiper|Calidris bairdiiR

 
Storks: Ciconiidae

73&Wood StorklMycteria americanaVR

 
Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns: Ardeidae

74Fasciated Tiger-HeronTigrisoma fasciatum?
75Striated HeronButorides striataVR

 
New World Vultures: Cathartidae

76Black VultureCoragyps atratusUC
77Turkey VultureCathartes auraUC

 
Hawks, Eagles, and Kites: Accipitridae

78Pearl KiteGampsonyx swainsonii?
79Hook-billed KiteChondrohierax uncinatus?
80Swallow-tailed KiteElanoides forficatusUC
81Black-and-chestnut EagleSpizaetus isidoriR
82Plain-breasted Hawk**Accipiter ventralisUC
83Bicolored HawkAstur bicolorVR
84Semicollared HawkMicrospizias collarisVR
85Plumbeous KiteIctinia plumbea?
86Barred HawkMorphnarchus princeps?
87Solitary EagleButeogallus solitariusVR
88Roadside HawkRupornis magnirostrisFC
89White-rumped HawkParabuteo leucorrhousFC
90Variable HawkGeranoaetus polyosomaR
91Black-chested Buzzard-EagleGeranoaetus melanoleucusR
92/Broad-winged Hawk/Buteo platypterusFC
93White-throated HawkButeo albigulaR

 
Owls: Strigidae

94White-throated Screech-OwlMegascops albogularisUC
95Rufescent Screech-OwlMegascops ingensR
96Andean Pygmy-OwlGlaucidium jardiniiR
97Peruvian Pygmy-OwlGlaucidium peruanum 
98Rufous-banded OwlStrix albitarsisUC
99Short-eared OwlAsio flammeusR

 
Trogons: Trogonidae

100Golden-headed QuetzalPharomachrus auricepsUC
101Crested QuetzalPharomachrus antisianusR
102Masked TrogonTrogon personatusUC

 
Motmots: Momotidae

103Andean MotmotMomotus aequatorialisR

 
Kingfishers: Alcedinidae

104Green KingfisherChloroceryle americanaR

 
Puffbirds: Bucconidae

105White-faced NunbirdHapaloptila castaneaR

 
New World Barbets: Capitonidae

106Red-headed BarbetEubucco bourcierii?

 
Toucans: Ramphastidae

107Southern Emerald-ToucanetAulacorhynchus albivittaUC
108Gray-breasted Mountain-ToucanAndigena hypoglaucaUC
109Black-billed Mountain-ToucanAndigena nigrirostrisR

 
Woodpeckers: Picidae

110Lafresnaye's PiculetPicumnus lafresnayiUC
111Smoky-brown WoodpeckerDryobates fumigatusFC
112Yellow-vented WoodpeckerDryobates dignusFC
113Bar-bellied WoodpeckerDryobates nigricepsUC
114Powerful WoodpeckerCampephilus pollensUC
115Crimson-bellied WoodpeckerCampephilus haematogasterR
116Crimson-crested WoodpeckerCampephilus melanoleucos?
117Lineated WoodpeckerDryocopus lineatus?
118Golden-olive WoodpeckerColaptes rubiginosusUC
119Crimson-mantled WoodpeckerColaptes rivoliiFC

 
Falcons and Caracaras: Falconidae

120American KestrelFalco sparveriusR
121/Merlin/Falco columbarius?
122Bat FalconFalco rufigularis?
123/Peregrine Falcon/Falco peregrinus?

 
Parrots: Psittacidae

124&Barred ParakeetlBolborhynchus lineolaUC
125Red-billed ParrotPionus sordidusFC
126Speckle-faced ParrotPionus tumultuosusFC
127Scaly-naped AmazonAmazona mercenariusFC
128White-necked ParakeetPyrrhura albipectusR
129&Golden-plumed ParakeetlLeptosittaca branickiiUC
130Cordilleran ParakeetPsittacara frontalusR
131White-eyed ParakeetPsittacara leucophthalmusUC

 
Typical Antbirds: Thamnophilidae

132Rufous-rumped AntwrenEuchrepomis callinotaR
133Uniform AntshrikeThamnophilus unicolorR
134Bicolored AntvireoDysithamnus occidentalisR
135Streak-headed AntbirdDrymophila striaticepsUC

 
Gnateaters: Conopophagidae

136Chestnut-crowned GnateaterConopophaga castaneicepsR

 
Antpittas: Grallariidae

137Undulated AntpittaGrallaria squamigeraR
138Chestnut-crowned AntpittaGrallaria ruficapillaR
139Jocotoco AntpittaGrallaria ridgelyiR
140Chestnut-naped AntpittaGrallaria nuchalisFC
141White-bellied AntpittaGrallaria hypoleucaUC
142Equatorial AntpittaGrallaria saturataUC
143Tawny AntpittaGrallaria quitensisUC
144Ochre-breasted AntpittaGrallaricula flavirostris?
145Peruvian AntpittaGrallaricula peruvianaR
146Slate-crowned AntpittaGrallaricula nanaFC

 
Tapaculos: Rhinocryptidae

147Ocellated TapaculoAcropternis orthonyxUC
148Ash-colored TapaculoMyornis senilisFC
149Loja TapaculoScytalopus androstictus?
150Paramo TapaculoScytalopus opacusC
151White-crowned TapaculoScytalopus atratus?
152Long-tailed TapaculoScytalopus micropterusUC
153Blackish TapaculoScytalopus latransUC
154Chusquea TapaculoScytalopus parkeriFC

 
Antthrushes: Formicariidae

155Rufous-breasted AntthrushFormicarius rufipectusUC
156Barred AntthrushChamaeza mollissimaR

 
Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers: Furnariidae

157Olivaceous WoodcreeperSittasomus griseicapillus?
158Tyrannine WoodcreeperDendrocincla tyranninaUC
159Strong-billed WoodcreeperXiphocolaptes promeropirhynchusR
160Olive-backed WoodcreeperXiphorhynchus triangularisUC
161Greater ScythebillDrymotoxeres pucheraniiR
162Montane WoodcreeperLepidocolaptes lacrymigerFC
163Streaked XenopsXenops rutilansUC
164Streaked TuftedcheekPseudocolaptes boissonneautiiFC
165Rusty-winged BarbtailPremnornis guttuliger?
166Sharp-tailed StreamcreeperLochmias nematuraR
167Chestnut-winged CinclodesCinclodes albidiventrisR
168Montane Foliage-gleanerAnabacerthia striaticollisFC
169Lineated Foliage-gleanerSyndactyla subalarisUC
170Buff-browed Foliage-gleanerSyndactyla rufosuperciliata?
171Flammulated TreehunterThripadectes flammulatusFC
172Striped TreehunterThripadectes holostictusUC
173Spotted BarbtailPremnoplex brunnescensUC
174Pearled TreerunnerMargarornis squamigerC
175White-browed SpinetailHellmayrea gularisFC
176Many-striped CanasteroAsthenes flammulataFC
177Mouse-colored ThistletailAsthenes griseomurinaC
178Equatorial GraytailXenerpestes singularis?
179Spectacled PrickletailSiptornis striaticollisR
180Ash-browed SpinetailCranioleuca curtataUC
181Azara's SpinetailSynallaxis azaraeFC
182Rufous SpinetailSynallaxis unirufaFC

 
Manakins: Pipridae

183Golden-winged ManakinMasius chrysopterus?

 
Cotingas: Cotingidae

184Green-and-black FruiteaterPipreola riefferiiFC
185Barred FruiteaterPipreola arcuataFC
186Red-crested CotingaAmpelion rubrocristatus?
187Chestnut-crested CotingaAmpelion rufaxillaR
188Andean Cock-of-the-rockRupicola peruvianusR
189Olivaceous PihaSnowornis cryptolophusR
190Dusky PihaLipaugus fuscocinereusUC

 
Tityras and Allies: Tityridae

191Foothill SchiffornisSchiffornis aenea?
192Green-backed BecardPachyramphus viridis?
193Barred BecardPachyramphus versicolorUC
194Black-and-white BecardPachyramphus salviniVR
195Crested BecardPachyramphus validusVR

 
Tyrant Flycatchers: Tyrannidae

196Streak-necked FlycatcherMionectes striaticollisFC
197Slaty-capped FlycatcherLeptopogon superciliaris?
198Rufous-breasted FlycatcherLeptopogon rufipectusUC
199Marble-faced Bristle-TyrantPogonotriccus ophthalmicusR
200Variegated Bristle-TyrantPogonotriccus poecilotis?
201Bronze-olive Pygmy-TyrantPseudotriccus pelzelniUC
202Rufous-headed Pygmy-TyrantPseudotriccus ruficepsUC
203Black-throated Tody-TyrantHemitriccus granadensisFC
204Rufous-crowned Tody-FlycatcherPoecilotriccus ruficepsUC
205Common Tody-FlycatcherTodirostrum cinereumUC
206Fulvous-breasted FlatbillRhynchocyclus fulvipectusR
207Cinnamon FlycatcherPyrrhomyias cinnamomeusFC
208Orange-banded FlycatcherNephelomyias lintoniFC
209Southern Beardless-TyrannuletCamptostoma obsoletum?
210White-tailed TyrannuletMecocerculus poecilocercusFC
211White-banded TyrannuletMecocerculus stictopterusUC
212White-throated TyrannuletMecocerculus leucophrysUC
213Rufous-winged TyrannuletMecocerculus calopterusVR
214Sulphur-bellied TyrannuletMecocerculus minorUC
215Yellow-bellied ElaeniaElaenia flavogasterUC
216White-crested ElaeniaElaenia albiceps 
217Mottle-backed ElaeniaElaenia gigas?
218Highland ElaeniaElaenia obscuraR
219Sierran ElaeniaElaenia pallatangaeUC
220Torrent TyrannuletSerpophaga cinereaUC
221Black-capped TyrannuletTyranniscus nigrocapillusUC
222Ashy-headed TyrannuletTyranniscus cinereicepsR
223Tawny-rumped TyrannuletTyranniscus uropygialis 
224Loja Tyrannulet**Zimmerius flavidifronsUC
225Golden-faced TyrannuletZimmerius chrysops 
226Peruvian TyrannuletZimmerius viridiflavus?
227Flavescent FlycatcherMyiophobus flavicansUC
228Orange-crested FlycatcherMyiophobus phoenicomitra?
229Olive-chested FlycatcherMyiophobus cryptoxanthusUC
230/Olive-sided Flycatcher/Contopus cooperi?
231Smoke-colored PeweeContopus fumigatusFC
232Black PhoebeSayornis nigricansUC
233Rufous-tailed TyrantKnipolegus poecilurusUC
234Streak-throated Bush-TyrantMyiotheretes striaticollisR
235Smoky Bush-TyrantMyiotheretes fumigatusUC
236Crowned Chat-TyrantSilvicultrix frontalisFC
237Jelski's Chat-TyrantSilvicultrix jelskii?
238Yellow-bellied Chat-TyrantSilvicultrix diademaFC
239Chestnut-bellied Chat-TyrantOchthoeca cinnamomeiventrisFC
240Rufous-breasted Chat-TyrantOchthoeca rufipectoralisFC
241Brown-backed Chat-TyrantOchthoeca fumicolorFC
242Long-tailed TyrantColonia colonus?
243Dusky-capped FlycatcherMyiarchus tuberculiferFC
244Pale-edged FlycatcherMyiarchus cephalotesUC
245Social FlycatcherMyiozetetes similisUC
246Lemon-browed FlycatcherConopias cinchonetiR
247Golden-bellied FlycatcherMyiodynastes hemichrysusR
248Piratic FlycatcherLegatus leucophaius?
249Tropical KingbirdTyrannus melancholicusUC

 
Vireos, Shrike-Babblers, and Erpornis: Vireonidae

250Rufous-browed PeppershrikeCyclarhis gujanensisFC
251Black-billed PeppershrikeCyclarhis nigrirostris?
252Brown-capped VireoVireo leucophrysFC
253Red-eyed VireoVireo olivaceus?
254Chivi VireoVireo chiri?

 
Crows, Jays, and Magpies: Corvidae

255Turquoise JayCyanolyca turcosaFC
256Inca Jay**Cyanocorax yncasC

 
Swallows: Hirundinidae

257Southern Rough-winged SwallowStelgidopteryx ruficollisR
258Blue-and-white SwallowPygochelidon cyanoleucaC
259Pale-footed SwallowOrochelidon flavipesUC
260Brown-bellied SwallowOrochelidon murinaFC

 
Wrens: Troglodytidae

261Gray-mantled WrenOdontorchilus branickiiR
262Southern House WrenTroglodytes musculusUC
263Mountain WrenTroglodytes solstitialisUC
264Grass WrenCistothorus platensisFC
265Plain-tailed WrenPheugopedius euophrysFC
266Speckle-breasted WrenPheugopedius sclateriUC
267Rufous WrenCinnycerthia unirufaFC
268Sharpe's WrenCinnycerthia olivascensUC
269Gray-breasted Wood-WrenHenicorhina leucophrysC
270Northern Chestnut-breasted WrenCyphorhinus thoracicusR

 
Dippers: Cinclidae

271White-capped DipperCinclus leucocephalusUC

 
Thrushes and Allies: Turdidae

272Andean SolitaireMyadestes ralloidesFC
273Slaty-backed Nightingale-ThrushCatharus fuscaterR
274Speckled Nightingale-ThrushCatharus maculatus?
275/Swainson's Thrush/Catharus ustulatusUC
276&Pale-eyed ThrushlTurdus leucopsR
277Black-billed ThrushTurdus ignobilis?
278Marañon ThrushTurdus maranonicusUC
279Chestnut-bellied ThrushTurdus fulviventrisUC
280Great ThrushTurdus fuscaterFC
281Glossy-black ThrushTurdus serranusFC
282Chiguanco ThrushTurdus chiguanco 

 
Finches, Euphonias, and Allies: Fringillidae

283Blue-naped ChlorophoniaChlorophonia cyanea?
284Chestnut-breasted ChlorophoniaChlorophonia pyrrhophrysR
285Orange-bellied EuphoniaEuphonia xanthogasterFC
286Bronze-green EuphoniaEuphonia mesochrysaR
287Lesser GoldfinchSpinus psaltria?
288Olivaceous SiskinSpinus olivaceusUC

 
New World Sparrows: Passerellidae

289Yellow-throated ChlorospingusChlorospingus flavigularis?
290Short-billed ChlorospingusChlorospingus parvirostrisUC
291Ashy-throated ChlorospingusChlorospingus canigularisUC
292Common ChlorospingusChlorospingus flavopectusUC
293Yellow-browed SparrowAmmodramus aurifronsUC
294Gray-browed BrushfinchArremon assimilis 
295Chestnut-capped BrushfinchArremon brunneinuchaR
296Olive FinchArremon castaneicepsR
297Rufous-collared SparrowZonotrichia capensisFC
298Pale-naped BrushfinchAtlapetes pallidinuchaFC
299White-winged BrushfinchAtlapetes leucopterus?
300Bay-crowned BrushfinchAtlapetes seebohmi?
301Yellow-breasted BrushfinchAtlapetes latinuchaFC

 
Troupials and Allies: Icteridae

302Yellow-billed CaciqueAmblycercus holosericeusUC
303Russet-backed OropendolaPsarocolius angustifrons?
304Crested OropendolaPsarocolius decumanus?
305Scarlet-rumped CaciqueCacicus uropygialisUC
306Northern Mountain Cacique**Cacicus leucoramphusUC
307Shiny CowbirdMolothrus bonariensisR

 
New World Warblers: Parulidae

308Tropical ParulaSetophaga pitiayumiFC
309/Blackburnian Warbler/Setophaga fuscaFC
310Three-striped WarblerBasileuterus tristriatusFC
311Citrine WarblerMyiothlypis luteoviridisFC
312Black-crested WarblerMyiothlypis nigrocristataC
313Russet-crowned WarblerMyiothlypis coronataUC
314/Canada Warbler/Cardellina canadensisUC
315Slate-throated RedstartMyioborus miniatusC
316Spectacled RedstartMyioborus melanocephalusC

 
Cardinals and Allies: Cardinalidae

317/Summer Tanager/Piranga rubraR
318Red-hooded TanagerPiranga rubricepsUC
319Golden GrosbeakPheucticus chrysogasterVR

 
Tanagers and Allies: Thraupidae

320Black-faced TanagerSchistochlamys melanopisUC
321White-capped TanagerSericossypha albocristataUC
322Rufous-crested TanagerCreurgops verticalisUC
323Black-capped HemispingusKleinothraupis atropileusFC
324Oleaginous HemispingusSphenopsis frontalisR
325Black-eared HemispingusSphenopsis melanotisR
326Superciliaried HemispingusThlypopsis superciliaris?
327Rufous-chested TanagerThlypopsis ornataUC
328White-shouldered TanagerLoriotus luctuosus?
329White-lined TanagerTachyphonus rufusUC
330Silver-beaked TanagerRamphocelus carboUC
331Hooded Mountain TanagerButhraupis montanaFC
332Blue-capped TanagerSporathraupis cyanocephalaUC
333Masked Mountain TanagerTephrophilus wetmoreiR
334Grass-green TanagerChlorornis riefferiiFC
335Black-chested Mountain TanagerCnemathraupis eximiaR
336Lacrimose Mountain TanagerAnisognathus lacrymosusFC
337Scarlet-bellied Mountain TanagerAnisognathus igniventrisFC
338Blue-winged Mountain TanagerAnisognathus somptuosusFC
339Buff-breasted Mountain TanagerDubusia taeniataFC
340Yellow-throated TanagerIridosornis analisUC
341Golden-crowned TanagerIridosornis rufivertexUC
342Fawn-breasted TanagerPipraeidea melanonotaUC
343Blue-gray TanagerThraupis episcopusFC
344Golden-naped TanagerChalcothraupis ruficervixUC
345Silvery TanagerStilpnia viridicollisUC
346Blue-necked TanagerStilpnia cyanicollisUC
347Blue-and-black TanagerTangara vassoriiFC
348Beryl-spangled TanagerTangara nigroviridisFC
349Metallic-green TanagerTangara labradoridesFC
350Blue-browed TanagerTangara cyanotisVR
351Paradise TanagerTangara chilensis?
352Bay-headed TanagerTangara gyrola?
353Golden-eared TanagerTangara chrysotis?
354Saffron-crowned TanagerTangara xanthocephalaFC
355Flame-faced TanagerTangara parzudakiiFC
356Golden TanagerTangara arthus?
357Golden-collared HoneycreeperIridophanes pulcherrimusR
358Blue-backed ConebillConirostrum sitticolorFC
359Capped ConebillConirostrum albifronsUC
360Glossy FlowerpiercerDiglossa lafresnayiiC
361Black FlowerpiercerDiglossa humeralis 
362White-sided FlowerpiercerDiglossa albilateraC
363Bluish FlowerpiercerDiglossa caerulescensUC
364Masked FlowerpiercerDiglossa cyaneaC
365PlushcapCatamblyrhynchus diademaUC
366&Slaty FinchlHaplospiza rusticaR
367Black-headed HemispingusPseudospingus verticalisUC
368Gray-hooded Bush TanagerCnemoscopus rubrirostrisFC
369Black-and-white SeedeaterSporophila luctuosa?
370Yellow-bellied SeedeaterSporophila nigricollisUC
371Band-tailed SeedeaterCatamenia analis?
372Plain-colored SeedeaterCatamenia inornataR
373Paramo SeedeaterCatamenia homochroaUC
374BananaquitCoereba flaveolaUC
375Dull-colored GrassquitAsemospiza obscurusUC
376Buff-throated SaltatorSaltator maximusUC
377Streaked SaltatorSaltator striatipectusUC
378Masked SaltatorSaltator cinctusR
379Slate-colored GrosbeakSaltator grossus?

 

 *Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through 2021 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
**Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.

OTHER LOCALES

PRESENCE CODES

CodeDescription##
//Boreal Visitor11
\\Austral Visitor0
||Transient1
##Non-breeding Dispersal0
<>Erratic/Irregular6
()Breeding Season Only0
{}Casual/Vagrant0
[]Accidental1

OCCURRENCE CODES

CodeDescription##
AAbundant/Very Common0
CCommon17
FCFairly/Locally Common79
UCUncommon/Scarce121
RRare/Very Scarce78
VRVery Rare11
XAccidental/Vagrant0
?Uncertain72

STATUS CODES

CodeDescription##
NTNear Threatened13
VVulnerable5
ENEndangered2
CRCritically Endangered0

Species counts in code tables depend on completeness of the data. For some countries or locales, data may not include all species or information on species presence may be incomplete.