UTUANA RESERVE
ECUADORLOCALE
| Area (ha): | 80 |
| Altitude (m): | 2500 |
| # Species: | 292 |
| # Excl Vagrants: | 292 |
| # Endemics: | 0 |
| # Near Endemics: | 66 |
| Species/100 ha: | 365.0 |
| Habitat: Montane evergreen forest | |
BIRD CHECKLIST
The table below lists species recorded at this locale but does not indicate frequency of occurrence there. It does indicate whether each species is globally threatened or endangered according to the IUCN and also whether it is migratory, very rare, or accidental in the country. The list is based on available data and may be incomplete.*
| |||
| 1 | Pale-browed Tinamou | Crypturellus transfasciatus | ? |
| 2 | Andean Tinamou | Nothoprocta pentlandii | ? |
| |||
| 3 | Rufous-headed Chachalaca | Ortalis erythroptera | ? |
| 4 | Bearded Guan | Penelope barbata | ? |
| |||
| 5 | Rock Pigeon | Columba livia | ? |
| 6 | Band-tailed Pigeon | Patagioenas fasciata | ? |
| 7 | Ecuadorian Ground Dove | Columbina buckleyi | ? |
| 8 | Croaking Ground Dove | Columbina cruziana | ? |
| 9 | White-tipped Dove | Leptotila verreauxi | ? |
| 10 | Ochre-bellied Dove | Leptotila ochraceiventris | ? |
| 11 | White-throated Quail-Dove | Zentrygon frenata | |
| 12 | West Peruvian Dove | Zenaida meloda | ? |
| 13 | Eared Dove | Zenaida auriculata | ? |
| |||
| 14 | Groove-billed Ani | Crotophaga sulcirostris | ? |
| 15 | Striped Cuckoo | Tapera naevia | ? |
| 16 | Squirrel Cuckoo | Piaya cayana | ? |
| |||
| 17 | Band-winged Nightjar | Systellura longirostris | ? |
| |||
| 18 | Chestnut-collared Swift | Streptoprocne rutila | ? |
| 19 | White-collared Swift | Streptoprocne zonaris | ? |
| 20 | Gray-rumped Swift | Chaetura cinereiventris | ? |
| 21 | Short-tailed Swift | Chaetura brachyura | ? |
| |||
| 22 | Tawny-bellied Hermit | Phaethornis syrmatophorus | ? |
| 23 | Gray-chinned Hermit | Phaethornis griseogularis | ? |
| 24 | Lesser Violetear | Colibri cyanotus | ? |
| 25 | Sparkling Violetear | Colibri coruscans | ? |
| 26 | Amethyst-throated Sunangel | Heliangelus amethysticollis | ? |
| 27 | Little Sunangel | Heliangelus micraster | ? |
| 28 | Purple-throated Sunangel | Heliangelus viola | ? |
| 29 | Speckled Hummingbird | Adelomyia melanogenys | ? |
| 30 | Long-tailed Sylph | Aglaiocercus kingii | ? |
| 31 | Black-tailed Trainbearer | Lesbia victoriae | ? |
| 32 | &Green-tailed Trainbearerl | Lesbia nuna | ? |
| 33 | Rainbow-bearded Thornbill | Chalcostigma herrani | ? |
| 34 | Tyrian Metaltail | Metallura tyrianthina | ? |
| 35 | Sapphire-vented Puffleg | Eriocnemis luciani | ? |
| 36 | Shining Sunbeam | Aglaeactis cupripennis | ? |
| 37 | Bronzy Inca | Coeligena coeligena | ? |
| 38 | Collared Inca | Coeligena torquata | ? |
| 39 | Rainbow Starfrontlet | Coeligena iris | ? |
| 40 | Buff-winged Starfrontlet | Coeligena lutetiae | ? |
| 41 | Mountain Velvetbreast | Lafresnaya lafresnayi | |
| 42 | Chestnut-breasted Coronet | Boissonneaua matthewsii | ? |
| 43 | White-booted Racket-tail | Ocreatus underwoodii | ? |
| 44 | Fawn-breasted Brilliant | Heliodoxa rubinoides | ? |
| 45 | Long-billed Starthroat | Heliomaster longirostris | ? |
| 46 | Peruvian Sheartail | Thaumastura cora | X |
| 47 | Short-tailed Woodstar | Myrmia micrura | ? |
| 48 | Purple-collared Woodstar | Myrtis fanny | ? |
| 49 | White-bellied Woodstar | Chaetocercus mulsant | |
| 50 | Little Woodstar | Chaetocercus bombus | ? |
| 51 | Purple-throated Woodstar | Philodice mitchellii | ? |
| 52 | White-vented Plumeleteer | Chalybura buffonii | ? |
| 53 | Tumbes Hummingbird | Thaumasius baeri | ? |
| 54 | Amazilia Hummingbird | Amazilis amazilia | ? |
| |||
| 55 | Rufous-necked Wood-Rail | Aramides axillaris | ? |
| |||
| 56 | /Solitary Sandpiper/ | Tringa solitaria | ? |
| |||
| 57 | Snowy Egret | Egretta thula | ? |
| 58 | Great Egret | Ardea alba | ? |
| 59 | Cocoi Heron | Ardea cocoi | ? |
| |||
| 60 | King Vulture | Sarcoramphus papa | ? |
| 61 | Black Vulture | Coragyps atratus | ? |
| 62 | Turkey Vulture | Cathartes aura | ? |
| |||
| 63 | Hook-billed Kite | Chondrohierax uncinatus | ? |
| 64 | Swallow-tailed Kite | Elanoides forficatus | ? |
| 65 | Plain-breasted Hawk** | Accipiter ventralis | ? |
| 66 | Bicolored Hawk | Astur bicolor | ? |
| 67 | Savanna Hawk | Buteogallus meridionalis | ? |
| 68 | Roadside Hawk | Rupornis magnirostris | ? |
| 69 | Harris's Hawk | Parabuteo unicinctus | ? |
| 70 | White-rumped Hawk | Parabuteo leucorrhous | ? |
| 71 | Variable Hawk | Geranoaetus polyosoma | |
| 72 | Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle | Geranoaetus melanoleucus | ? |
| 73 | Gray-lined Hawk | Buteo nitidus | ? |
| 74 | /Broad-winged Hawk/ | Buteo platypterus | ? |
| 75 | Short-tailed Hawk | Buteo brachyurus | ? |
| 76 | White-throated Hawk | Buteo albigula | ? |
| 77 | Zone-tailed Hawk | Buteo albonotatus | ? |
| |||
| 78 | White-throated Screech-Owl | Megascops albogularis | ? |
| 79 | Peruvian Screech-Owl | Megascops roboratus | ? |
| 80 | Spectacled Owl | Pulsatrix perspicillata | ? |
| 81 | Peruvian Pygmy-Owl | Glaucidium peruanum | ? |
| 82 | Stygian Owl | Asio stygius | ? |
| |||
| 83 | Golden-headed Quetzal | Pharomachrus auriceps | ? |
| 84 | Ecuadorian Trogon | Trogon mesurus | ? |
| |||
| 85 | Whooping Motmot | Momotus subrufescens | ? |
| 86 | Andean Motmot | Momotus aequatorialis | ? |
| |||
| 87 | Ringed Kingfisher | Megaceryle torquata | ? |
| |||
| 88 | Ecuadorian Piculet | Picumnus sclateri | ? |
| 89 | Smoky-brown Woodpecker | Dryobates fumigatus | ? |
| 90 | Scarlet-backed Woodpecker | Dryobates callonotus | ? |
| 91 | Bar-bellied Woodpecker | Dryobates nigriceps | ? |
| 92 | Lineated Woodpecker | Dryocopus lineatus | ? |
| 93 | Golden-olive Woodpecker | Colaptes rubiginosus | ? |
| 94 | Crimson-mantled Woodpecker | Colaptes rivolii | ? |
| |||
| 95 | Laughing Falcon | Herpetotheres cachinnans | ? |
| 96 | Collared Forest-Falcon | Micrastur semitorquatus | ? |
| 97 | Crested Caracara | Caracara cheriway | ? |
| 98 | Mountain Caracara | Daptrius megalopterus | ? |
| 99 | American Kestrel | Falco sparverius | ? |
| 100 | Bat Falcon | Falco rufigularis | ? |
| 101 | /Peregrine Falcon/ | Falco peregrinus | ? |
| |||
| 102 | &Barred Parakeetl | Bolborhynchus lineola | ? |
| 103 | Gray-cheeked Parakeet | Brotogeris pyrrhoptera | ? |
| 104 | Speckle-faced Parrot | Pionus tumultuosus | ? |
| 105 | Scaly-naped Amazon | Amazona mercenarius | ? |
| 106 | Pacific Parrotlet | Forpus coelestis | ? |
| 107 | &Golden-plumed Parakeetl | Leptosittaca branickii | ? |
| 108 | Red-masked Parakeet | Psittacara erythrogenys | ? |
| |||
| 109 | Great Antshrike | Taraba major | ? |
| 110 | Chapman's Antshrike | Thamnophilus zarumae | ? |
| 111 | Collared Antshrike | Thamnophilus bernardi | ? |
| 112 | Plain Antvireo | Dysithamnus mentalis | ? |
| 113 | Streak-headed Antbird | Drymophila striaticeps | ? |
| 114 | Gray-headed Antbird | Ampelornis griseiceps | UC |
| |||
| 115 | Elegant Crescentchest | Melanopareia elegans | ? |
| |||
| 116 | Undulated Antpitta | Grallaria squamigera | ? |
| 117 | Scaled Antpitta | Grallaria guatimalensis | ? |
| 118 | Chestnut-crowned Antpitta | Grallaria ruficapilla | ? |
| 119 | Watkins's Antpitta | Grallaria watkinsi | ? |
| 120 | Leymebamba Antpitta | Grallaricula leymebambae | ? |
| 121 | Slate-crowned Antpitta | Grallaricula nana | ? |
| |||
| 122 | Ash-colored Tapaculo | Myornis senilis | ? |
| 123 | Loja Tapaculo | Scytalopus androstictus | ? |
| 124 | Blackish Tapaculo | Scytalopus latrans | ? |
| |||
| 125 | Olivaceous Woodcreeper | Sittasomus griseicapillus | ? |
| 126 | Red-billed Scythebill | Campylorhamphus trochilirostris | ? |
| 127 | Streak-headed Woodcreeper | Lepidocolaptes souleyetii | ? |
| 128 | Montane Woodcreeper | Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger | ? |
| 129 | Streaked Xenops | Xenops rutilans | ? |
| 130 | Streaked Tuftedcheek | Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii | ? |
| 131 | Pacific Hornero | Furnarius cinnamomeus | ? |
| 132 | Pale-legged Hornero | Furnarius leucopus | ? |
| 133 | Rufous-necked Foliage-gleaner | Syndactyla ruficollis | ? |
| 134 | Henna-hooded Foliage-gleaner | Clibanornis erythrocephalus | ? |
| 135 | Spotted Barbtail | Premnoplex brunnescens | ? |
| 136 | Pearled Treerunner | Margarornis squamiger | ? |
| 137 | White-browed Spinetail | Hellmayrea gularis | ? |
| 138 | Line-cheeked Spinetail | Cranioleuca antisiensis | ? |
| 139 | Azara's Spinetail | Synallaxis azarae | ? |
| 140 | Rufous Spinetail | Synallaxis unirufa | ? |
| 141 | Blackish-headed Spinetail | Synallaxis tithys | ? |
| |||
| 142 | Red-crested Cotinga | Ampelion rubrocristatus | ? |
| |||
| 143 | Barred Becard | Pachyramphus versicolor | ? |
| 144 | Slaty Becard | Pachyramphus spodiurus | ? |
| 145 | Black-and-white Becard | Pachyramphus salvini | ? |
| 146 | One-colored Becard | Pachyramphus homochrous | ? |
| |||
| 147 | Streak-necked Flycatcher | Mionectes striaticollis | ? |
| 148 | Ochre-bellied Flycatcher | Mionectes oleagineus | ? |
| 149 | Slaty-capped Flycatcher | Leptopogon superciliaris | ? |
| 150 | Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant | Lophotriccus pileatus | ? |
| 151 | Black-throated Tody-Tyrant | Hemitriccus granadensis | ? |
| 152 | Rufous-crowned Tody-Flycatcher | Poecilotriccus ruficeps | ? |
| 153 | Common Tody-Flycatcher | Todirostrum cinereum | ? |
| 154 | Yellow-olive Flatbill | Tolmomyias sulphurescens | ? |
| 155 | Cinnamon Flycatcher | Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus | ? |
| 156 | Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet | Camptostoma obsoletum | ? |
| 157 | White-tailed Tyrannulet | Mecocerculus poecilocercus | ? |
| 158 | White-banded Tyrannulet | Mecocerculus stictopterus | ? |
| 159 | White-throated Tyrannulet | Mecocerculus leucophrys | ? |
| 160 | Black-crested Tit-Tyrant | Anairetes nigrocristatus | ? |
| 161 | Tumbesian Tyrannulet | Nesotriccus tumbezanus | ? |
| 162 | Maranon Tyrannulet | Nesotriccus maranonicus | ? |
| 163 | Pacific Elaenia | Myiopagis subplacens | ? |
| 164 | White-crested Elaenia | Elaenia albiceps | ? |
| 165 | Highland Elaenia | Elaenia obscura | ? |
| 166 | Sierran Elaenia | Elaenia pallatangae | ? |
| 167 | Torrent Tyrannulet | Serpophaga cinerea | ? |
| 168 | Black-capped Tyrannulet | Tyranniscus nigrocapillus | ? |
| 169 | Tawny-rumped Tyrannulet | Tyranniscus uropygialis | ? |
| 170 | Loja Tyrannulet** | Zimmerius flavidifrons | ? |
| 171 | Peruvian Tyrannulet | Zimmerius viridiflavus | ? |
| 172 | Fulvous-faced Scrub-Tyrant | Euscarthmus fulviceps | ? |
| 173 | Mouse-gray Flycatcher | Myiophobus crypterythrus | ? |
| 174 | Gray-breasted Flycatcher | Lathrotriccus griseipectus | ? |
| 175 | Smoke-colored Pewee | Contopus fumigatus | ? |
| 176 | Tumbes Pewee | Contopus punensis | ? |
| 177 | /Western Wood-Pewee/ | Contopus sordidulus | ? |
| 178 | Black Phoebe | Sayornis nigricans | ? |
| 179 | Vermilion Flycatcher | Pyrocephalus rubinus | ? |
| 180 | \White-browed Ground-Tyrant\ | Muscisaxicola albilora | ? |
| 181 | Streak-throated Bush-Tyrant | Myiotheretes striaticollis | ? |
| 182 | Jelski's Chat-Tyrant | Silvicultrix jelskii | UC |
| 183 | Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant | Silvicultrix diadema | ? |
| 184 | Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant | Ochthoeca rufipectoralis | ? |
| 185 | Dusky-capped Flycatcher | Myiarchus tuberculifer | ? |
| 186 | Sooty-crowned Flycatcher | Myiarchus phaeocephalus | ? |
| 187 | Boat-billed Flycatcher | Megarynchus pitangua | ? |
| 188 | Social Flycatcher | Myiozetetes similis | ? |
| 189 | Baird's Flycatcher | Myiodynastes bairdii | ? |
| 190 | Streaked Flycatcher | Myiodynastes maculatus | ? |
| 191 | Tropical Kingbird | Tyrannus melancholicus | ? |
| |||
| 192 | Rufous-browed Peppershrike | Cyclarhis gujanensis | ? |
| 193 | Brown-capped Vireo | Vireo leucophrys | ? |
| 194 | Chivi Vireo | Vireo chiri | ? |
| |||
| 195 | Turquoise Jay | Cyanolyca turcosa | ? |
| 196 | White-tailed Jay | Cyanocorax mystacalis | ? |
| |||
| 197 | Gray-breasted Martin | Progne chalybea | ? |
| 198 | Southern Rough-winged Swallow | Stelgidopteryx ruficollis | ? |
| 199 | Blue-and-white Swallow | Pygochelidon cyanoleuca | ? |
| 200 | Pale-footed Swallow | Orochelidon flavipes | ? |
| 201 | Brown-bellied Swallow | Orochelidon murina | ? |
| 202 | Chestnut-collared Swallow | Petrochelidon rufocollaris | ? |
| |||
| 203 | White-browed Gnatcatcher | Polioptila bilineata | ? |
| |||
| 204 | Southern House Wren | Troglodytes musculus | ? |
| 205 | Mountain Wren | Troglodytes solstitialis | ? |
| 206 | Grass Wren | Cistothorus platensis | ? |
| 207 | Fasciated Wren | Campylorhynchus fasciatus | ? |
| 208 | Plain-tailed Wren | Pheugopedius euophrys | ? |
| 209 | Speckle-breasted Wren | Pheugopedius sclateri | ? |
| 210 | Superciliated Wren | Cantorchilus superciliaris | ? |
| 211 | Rufous Wren | Cinnycerthia unirufa | ? |
| 212 | Gray-breasted Wood-Wren | Henicorhina leucophrys | ? |
| |||
| 213 | Long-tailed Mockingbird | Mimus longicaudatus | ? |
| |||
| 214 | Andean Solitaire | Myadestes ralloides | ? |
| 215 | Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush | Catharus fuscater | ? |
| 216 | /Swainson's Thrush/ | Catharus ustulatus | ? |
| 217 | Ecuadorian Thrush | Turdus maculirostris | ? |
| 218 | Plumbeous-backed Thrush | Turdus reevei | ? |
| 219 | (Andean Slaty-Thrush) | Turdus nigriceps | ? |
| 220 | Great Thrush | Turdus fuscater | ? |
| 221 | Glossy-black Thrush | Turdus serranus | ? |
| 222 | Chiguanco Thrush | Turdus chiguanco | ? |
| |||
| 223 | Golden-rumped Euphonia | Chlorophonia cyanocephala | ? |
| 224 | Thick-billed Euphonia | Euphonia laniirostris | ? |
| 225 | Lesser Goldfinch | Spinus psaltria | ? |
| 226 | Hooded Siskin | Spinus magellanicus | ? |
| 227 | Saffron Siskin | Spinus siemiradzkii | ? |
| |||
| 228 | Dusky Chlorospingus | Chlorospingus semifuscus | ? |
| 229 | Tumbes Sparrow | Rhynchospiza stolzmanni | ? |
| 230 | Gray-browed Brushfinch | Arremon assimilis | ? |
| 231 | Black-capped Sparrow | Arremon abeillei | ? |
| 232 | Chestnut-capped Brushfinch | Arremon brunneinucha | ? |
| 233 | Rufous-collared Sparrow | Zonotrichia capensis | ? |
| 234 | White-headed Brushfinch | Atlapetes albiceps | ? |
| 235 | Pale-naped Brushfinch | Atlapetes pallidinucha | ? |
| 236 | White-winged Brushfinch | Atlapetes leucopterus | ? |
| 237 | Bay-crowned Brushfinch | Atlapetes seebohmi | ? |
| 238 | Yellow-breasted Brushfinch | Atlapetes latinucha | ? |
| |||
| 239 | Peruvian Meadowlark | Leistes bellicosa | ? |
| 240 | Russet-backed Oropendola | Psarocolius angustifrons | ? |
| 241 | White-edged Oriole | Icterus graceannae | ? |
| 242 | Yellow-tailed Oriole | Icterus mesomelas | ? |
| 243 | Shiny Cowbird | Molothrus bonariensis | ? |
| 244 | Scrub Blackbird | Dives warczewiczi | ? |
| |||
| 245 | Black-lored Yellowthroat | Geothlypis auricularis | ? |
| 246 | Tropical Parula | Setophaga pitiayumi | ? |
| 247 | /Blackburnian Warbler/ | Setophaga fusca | ? |
| 248 | Three-banded Warbler | Basileuterus trifasciatus | ? |
| 249 | Citrine Warbler | Myiothlypis luteoviridis | ? |
| 250 | Black-crested Warbler | Myiothlypis nigrocristata | ? |
| 251 | Gray-and-gold Warbler | Myiothlypis fraseri | ? |
| 252 | Russet-crowned Warbler | Myiothlypis coronata | ? |
| 253 | Slate-throated Redstart | Myioborus miniatus | ? |
| 254 | Spectacled Redstart | Myioborus melanocephalus | ? |
| |||
| 255 | Hepatic Tanager | Piranga flava | ? |
| 256 | /Summer Tanager/ | Piranga rubra | ? |
| 257 | Golden Grosbeak | Pheucticus chrysogaster | ? |
| 258 | Ecuadorian Seedeater | Amaurospiza aequatorialis | ? |
| |||
| 259 | Black-eared Hemispingus | Sphenopsis melanotis | ? |
| 260 | Piura Hemispingus** | Sphenopsis piurae | R |
| 261 | Superciliaried Hemispingus | Thlypopsis superciliaris | ? |
| 262 | Rufous-chested Tanager | Thlypopsis ornata | ? |
| 263 | Blue-capped Tanager | Sporathraupis cyanocephala | ? |
| 264 | Blue-winged Mountain Tanager | Anisognathus somptuosus | ? |
| 265 | Fawn-breasted Tanager | Pipraeidea melanonota | ? |
| 266 | Blue-gray Tanager | Thraupis episcopus | ? |
| 267 | Silvery Tanager | Stilpnia viridicollis | ? |
| 268 | Blue-and-black Tanager | Tangara vassorii | ? |
| 269 | Beryl-spangled Tanager | Tangara nigroviridis | ? |
| 270 | Blue-backed Conebill | Conirostrum sitticolor | ? |
| 271 | Capped Conebill | Conirostrum albifrons | ? |
| 272 | Glossy Flowerpiercer | Diglossa lafresnayii | ? |
| 273 | Black Flowerpiercer | Diglossa humeralis | ? |
| 274 | White-sided Flowerpiercer | Diglossa albilatera | ? |
| 275 | Rusty Flowerpiercer | Diglossa sittoides | ? |
| 276 | Bluish Flowerpiercer | Diglossa caerulescens | ? |
| 277 | Masked Flowerpiercer | Diglossa cyanea | ? |
| 278 | Plushcap | Catamblyrhynchus diadema | ? |
| 279 | Ash-breasted Sierra Finch | Geospizopsis plebejus | ? |
| 280 | &Slaty Finchl | Haplospiza rustica | ? |
| 281 | Band-tailed Sierra Finch | Porphyrospiza alaudinus | ? |
| 282 | Gray-hooded Bush Tanager | Cnemoscopus rubrirostris | ? |
| 283 | Saffron Finch | Sicalis flaveola | ? |
| 284 | Blue-black Grassquit | Volatinia jacarina | ? |
| 285 | Parrot-billed Seedeater | Sporophila peruviana | ? |
| 286 | Drab Seedeater | Sporophila simplex | ? |
| 287 | Black-and-white Seedeater | Sporophila luctuosa | ? |
| 288 | Band-tailed Seedeater | Catamenia analis | ? |
| 289 | Bananaquit | Coereba flaveola | ? |
| 290 | Dull-colored Grassquit | Asemospiza obscurus | ? |
| 291 | Streaked Saltator | Saltator striatipectus | ? |
| 292 | Black-cowled Saltator | Saltator nigriceps | ? |
*Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through 2021 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
**Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.
OTHER LOCALES
PRESENCE CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| // | Boreal Visitor | 7 |
| \\ | Austral Visitor | 1 |
| || | Transient | 0 |
| ## | Non-breeding Dispersal | 0 |
| <> | Erratic/Irregular | 4 |
| () | Breeding Season Only | 1 |
| {} | Casual/Vagrant | 0 |
| [] | Accidental | 1 |
OCCURRENCE CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| A | Abundant/Very Common | 0 |
| C | Common | 0 |
| FC | Fairly/Locally Common | 0 |
| UC | Uncommon/Scarce | 5 |
| R | Rare/Very Scarce | 1 |
| VR | Very Rare | 0 |
| X | Accidental/Vagrant | 0 |
| ? | Uncertain | 285 |
STATUS CODES
| Code | Description | ## |
| NT | Near Threatened | 6 |
| V | Vulnerable | 8 |
| EN | Endangered | 0 |
| CR | Critically Endangered | 0 |
Species counts in code tables depend on completeness of the data. For some countries or locales, data may not include all species or information on species presence may be incomplete.