WESTERN LOWLANDS

# Species*:	242
# Excl Vagrants*:	242
# Endemics*:	1
# Near Endemics*:	14
*Based on partial or incomplete data.
Habitat: Agricultural, pastures, remnant forests

BIRD CHECKLIST

The table below lists species recorded at this locale but does not indicate frequency of occurrence there. It does indicate whether each species is globally threatened or endangered according to the IUCN and also whether it is migratory, very rare, or accidental in the country. The list is based on available data and may be incomplete.*

color codes

Tinamous: Tinamidae
1	Little Tinamou	Crypturellus soui	C
Ducks: Anatidae
2	Black-bellied Whistling-Duck	Dendrocygna autumnalis	UC
3	/Blue-winged Teal/	Spatula discors	C
4	/Northern Shoveler/	Spatula clypeata	R
5	/American Wigeon/	Mareca americana	FC
6	/Lesser Scaup/	Aythya affinis	FC
7	&Masked Duckl	Nomonyx dominicus	UC
New World Quail: Odontophoridae
8	Crested Bobwhite	Colinus cristatus	FC
Pigeons and Doves: Columbidae
9	Rock Pigeon	Columba livia	C
10	Scaled Pigeon	Patagioenas speciosa	C
11	Short-billed Pigeon	Patagioenas nigrirostris	C
12	Plain-breasted Ground Dove	Columbina minuta	C
13	Ruddy Ground Dove	Columbina talpacoti	A
14	Blue Ground Dove	Claravis pretiosa	FC
15	Mourning Dove	Zenaida macroura	FC
Cuckoos: Cuculidae
16	Greater Ani	Crotophaga major	FC
17	Smooth-billed Ani	Crotophaga ani	C
18	Groove-billed Ani	Crotophaga sulcirostris	C
19	Striped Cuckoo	Tapera naevia	FC
20	Squirrel Cuckoo	Piaya cayana	C
21	\|Gray-capped Cuckoo\|	Coccyzus lansbergi	R
22	Mangrove Cuckoo	Coccyzus minor	R
Nightjars and Allies: Caprimulgidae
23	Lesser Nighthawk	Chordeiles acutipennis	FC
24	(Common Nighthawk)	Chordeiles minor	FC
25	Common Pauraque	Nyctidromus albicollis	C
26	White-tailed Nightjar	Hydropsalis cayennensis	UC
27	Rufous Nightjar	Antrostomus rufus	UC
Potoos: Nyctibiidae
28	Great Potoo	Nyctibius grandis	FC
Swifts: Apodidae
29	White-collared Swift	Streptoprocne zonaris	UC
30	Costa Rican Swift	Chaetura fumosa	FC
31	Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift	Panyptila cayennensis	FC
Hummingbirds: Trochilidae
32	Bronzy Hermit	Glaucis aeneus	UC
33	Long-billed Hermit	Phaethornis longirostris	C
34	Stripe-throated Hermit	Phaethornis striigularis	FC
35	Green-breasted Mango	Anthracothorax prevostii	UC
36	Veraguan Mango	Anthracothorax veraguensis	?
37	&White-crested Coquettel	Lophornis adorabilis	R
38	Long-billed Starthroat	Heliomaster longirostris	UC
39	/Ruby-throated Hummingbird/	Archilochus colubris	VR
40	Garden Emerald	Chlorostilbon assimilis	FC
41	Violet-headed Hummingbird	Klais guimeti	R
42	Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer	Chalybura urochrysia	UC
43	Scaly-breasted Hummingbird	Phaeochroa cuvierii	UC
44	Snowy-bellied Hummingbird	Saucerottia edward	C
45	Rufous-tailed Hummingbird	Amazilia tzacatl	C
46	Sapphire-throated Hummingbird	Chrysuronia coeruleogularis	FC
47	Charming Hummingbird	Polyerata decora	FC
48	Blue-throated Goldentail	Chlorestes eliciae	R
Rails, Gallinules, and Coots: Rallidae
49	Paint-billed Crake	Mustelirallus erythrops	VR
50	Uniform Crake	Amaurolimnas concolor	R
51	/Sora/	Porzana carolina	FC
52	Common Gallinule	Gallinula galeata	C
53	/American Coot/	Fulica americana	FC
54	Purple Gallinule	Porphyrio martinica	C
55	Yellow-breasted Crake	Laterallus flaviventer	VR
56	White-throated Crake	Laterallus albigularis	C
Plovers and Lapwings: Charadriidae
57	/Killdeer/	Charadrius vociferus	UC
58	/Semipalmated Plover/	Charadrius semipalmatus	C
59	/Wilson's Plover/	Anarhynchus wilsonia	FC
Jacanas: Jacanidae
60	Northern Jacana	Jacana spinosa	C
Sandpipers and Allies: Scolopacidae
61	/Wilson's Snipe/	Gallinago delicata	FC
62	/Lesser Yellowlegs/	Tringa flavipes	UC
63	/Greater Yellowlegs/	Tringa melanoleuca	FC
Grebes: Podicipedidae
64	Least Grebe	Tachybaptus dominicus	FC
65	Pied-billed Grebe	Podilymbus podiceps	FC
Ibises and Spoonbills: Threskiornithidae
66	Green Ibis	Mesembrinibis cayennensis	R
Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns: Ardeidae
67	Bare-throated Tiger-Heron	Tigrisoma mexicanum	R
68	Snowy Egret	Egretta thula	FC
69	Striated Heron	Butorides striata	FC
70	Great Egret	Ardea alba	C
71	/Great Blue Heron/	Ardea herodias	UC
New World Vultures: Cathartidae
72	Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus	A
Osprey: Pandionidae
73	/Osprey/	Pandion haliaetus	FC
Hawks, Eagles, and Kites: Accipitridae
74	White-tailed Kite	Elanus leucurus	FC
75	Ornate Hawk-Eagle	Spizaetus ornatus	UC
76	/Northern Harrier/	Circus hudsonius	R
77	Double-toothed Kite	Harpagus bidentatus	R
78	Savanna Hawk	Buteogallus meridionalis	UC
79	Roadside Hawk	Rupornis magnirostris	FC
80	Gray-lined Hawk	Buteo nitidus	UC
Barn-Owls: Tytonidae
81	Western Barn Owl	Tyto alba	UC
Owls: Strigidae
82	Tropical Screech-Owl	Megascops choliba	FC
83	Least Pygmy-Owl	Glaucidium minutissimum	R
84	Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl	Glaucidium brasilianum	UC
85	Black-and-white Owl	Strix nigrolineata	UC
86	Striped Owl	Asio clamator	UC
Trogons: Trogonidae
87	Baird's Trogon	Trogon bairdii	?
88	Gartered Trogon	Trogon caligatus	FC
Motmots: Momotidae
89	Lesson's Motmot	Momotus lessonii	FC
Kingfishers: Alcedinidae
90	Ringed Kingfisher	Megaceryle torquata	FC
91	/Belted Kingfisher/	Megaceryle alcyon	UC
92	Amazon Kingfisher	Chloroceryle amazona	FC
93	American Pygmy Kingfisher	Chloroceryle aenea	UC
94	Green Kingfisher	Chloroceryle americana	C
Puffbirds: Bucconidae
95	Pied Puffbird	Notharchus tectus	UC
Toucans: Ramphastidae
96	Yellow-throated Toucan	Ramphastos ambiguus	?
Woodpeckers: Picidae
97	Olivaceous Piculet	Picumnus olivaceus	UC
98	Golden-naped Woodpecker	Melanerpes chrysauchen	?
99	Red-crowned Woodpecker	Melanerpes rubricapillus	C
100	Lineated Woodpecker	Dryocopus lineatus	FC
101	Chestnut-colored Woodpecker	Celeus castaneus	?
Falcons and Caracaras: Falconidae
102	Laughing Falcon	Herpetotheres cachinnans	UC
103	Crested Caracara	Caracara cheriway	FC
104	Yellow-headed Caracara	Daptrius chimachima	FC
105	/American Kestrel/	Falco sparverius	FC
106	Merlin	Falco columbarius	UC
107	Bat Falcon	Falco rufigularis	UC
Parrots: Psittacidae
108	Orange-chinned Parakeet	Brotogeris jugularis	A
109	Brown-hooded Parrot	Pyrilia haematotis	FC
110	Blue-headed Parrot	Pionus menstruus	UC
111	White-crowned Parrot	Pionus senilis	UC
112	Mealy Amazon	Amazona farinosa	FC
113	Brown-throated Parakeet	Eupsittula pertinax	C
114	Scarlet Macaw	Ara macao	?
115	Crimson-fronted Parakeet	Psittacara finschi	FC
Typical Antbirds: Thamnophilidae
116	Great Antshrike	Taraba major	?
117	Barred Antshrike	Thamnophilus doliatus	FC
118	Black-hooded Antshrike	Thamnophilus bridgesi	?
119	Russet Antshrike	Thamnistes anabatinus	UC
120	Dusky Antbird	Cercomacroides tyrannina	C
Antpittas: Grallariidae
121	Thicket Antpitta	Myrmothera dives	UC
Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers: Furnariidae
122	Scaly-throated Leaftosser	Sclerurus guatemalensis	UC
123	Tawny-winged Woodcreeper	Dendrocincla anabatina	R
124	Wedge-billed Woodcreeper	Glyphorynchus spirurus	FC
125	Brown-billed Scythebill	Campylorhamphus pusillus	R
126	Streak-headed Woodcreeper	Lepidocolaptes souleyetii	FC
127	Chiriqui Foliage-gleaner	Automolus exsertus	FC
128	Pale-breasted Spinetail	Synallaxis albescens	C
Manakins: Pipridae
129	Lance-tailed Manakin	Chiroxiphia lanceolata	FC
130	Orange-collared Manakin	Manacus aurantiacus	?
131	White-crowned Manakin	Pseudopipra pipra	VR
Cotingas: Cotingidae
132	#Three-wattled Bellbird#	Procnias tricarunculatus	R
133	Yellow-billed Cotinga	Carpodectes antoniae	VR
Tityras and Allies: Tityridae
134	Masked Tityra	Tityra semifasciata	C
Royal Flycatchers and Allies: Onychorhynchus
135	Tropical Royal-Flycatcher	Onychorhynchus coronatus	?
Tyrant Flycatchers: Tyrannidae
136	Ochre-bellied Flycatcher	Mionectes oleagineus	C
137	Sepia-capped Flycatcher	Leptopogon amaurocephalus	R
138	Slaty-capped Flycatcher	Leptopogon superciliaris	FC
139	Black-capped Pygmy-Tyrant	Myiornis atricapillus	?
140	Pale-eyed Pygmy-Tyrant	Atalotriccus pilaris	FC
141	Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher	Poecilotriccus sylvia	UC
142	Common Tody-Flycatcher	Todirostrum cinereum	C
143	Eye-ringed Flatbill	Rhynchocyclus brevirostris	UC
144	Yellow-olive Flatbill	Tolmomyias sulphurescens	FC
145	Mouse-colored Tyrannulet	Nesotriccus murinus	UC
146	Yellow Tyrannulet	Capsiempis flaveola	FC
147	Greenish Elaenia	Myiopagis viridicata	UC
148	Yellow-bellied Elaenia	Elaenia flavogaster	C
149	Lesser Elaenia	Elaenia chiriquensis	FC
150	Mistletoe Tyrannulet	Zimmerius parvus	FC
151	Bran-colored Flycatcher	Myiophobus fasciatus	UC
152	Northern Tropical Pewee	Contopus bogotensis	FC
153	\|Eastern Wood-Pewee\|	Contopus virens	C
154	\|Willow Flycatcher\|	Empidonax traillii	FC
155	Northern Scrub-Flycatcher	Sublegatus arenarum	UC
156	/Great Crested Flycatcher/	Myiarchus crinitus	FC
157	Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus	FC
158	Boat-billed Flycatcher	Megarynchus pitangua	FC
159	Social Flycatcher	Myiozetetes similis	A
160	Gray-capped Flycatcher	Myiozetetes granadensis	FC
161	Streaked Flycatcher	Myiodynastes maculatus	FC
162	\|Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher\|	Myiodynastes luteiventris	UC
163	(Piratic Flycatcher)	Legatus leucophaius	C
164	Tropical Kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus	A
165	\|Eastern Kingbird\|	Tyrannus tyrannus	C
166	/Scissor-tailed Flycatcher/	Tyrannus forficatus	UC
167	Fork-tailed Flycatcher	Tyrannus savana	C
Vireos, Shrike-Babblers, and Erpornis: Vireonidae
168	Scrub Greenlet	Hylophilus flavipes	FC
169	Green Shrike-Vireo	Vireolanius pulchellus	VR
170	/Yellow-throated Vireo/	Vireo flavifrons	FC
171	Yellow-green Vireo	Vireo flavoviridis	C
Crows, Jays, and Magpies: Corvidae
172	Black-chested Jay	Cyanocorax affinis	UC
Swallows: Hirundinidae
173	/Bank Swallow/	Riparia riparia	FC
174	Mangrove Swallow	Tachycineta albilinea	FC
175	Gray-breasted Martin	Progne chalybea	C
176	\Brown-chested Martin\	Progne tapera	UC
177	/Northern Rough-winged Swallow/	Stelgidopteryx serripennis	UC
178	Southern Rough-winged Swallow	Stelgidopteryx ruficollis	C
179	/Barn Swallow/	Hirundo rustica	A
180	\|Cliff Swallow\|	Petrochelidon pyrrhonota	FC
Gnatcatchers: Polioptilidae
181	Long-billed Gnatwren	Ramphocaenus melanurus	FC
182	White-browed Gnatcatcher	Polioptila bilineata	FC
Wrens: Troglodytidae
183	Southern House Wren	Troglodytes musculus	C
184	Black-bellied Wren	Pheugopedius fasciatoventris	FC
185	Rufous-breasted Wren	Pheugopedius rutilus	FC
186	Stripe-breasted Wren	Cantorchilus thoracicus	UC
187	Canebrake Wren	Cantorchilus zeledoni	?
188	Isthmian Wren	Cantorchilus elutus	FC
189	Riverside Wren	Cantorchilus semibadius	UC
190	White-breasted Wood-Wren	Henicorhina leucosticta	FC
Thrushes and Allies: Turdidae
191	/Swainson's Thrush/	Catharus ustulatus	?
192	Clay-colored Thrush	Turdus grayi	A
Wagtails and Pipits: Motacillidae
193	Yellowish Pipit	Anthus chii	C
Finches, Euphonias, and Allies: Fringillidae
194	Yellow-crowned Euphonia	Euphonia luteicapilla	FC
195	Thick-billed Euphonia	Euphonia laniirostris	FC
196	&Lesser Goldfinchl	Spinus psaltria	FC
Thrush-Tanager: Rhodinocichlidae
197	Rosy Thrush-Tanager	Rhodinocichla rosea	UC
New World Sparrows: Passerellidae
198	Grasshopper Sparrow	Ammodramus savannarum	UC
Troupials and Allies: Icteridae
199	Eastern Meadowlark	Sturnella magna	C
200	Red-breasted Meadowlark	Leistes militaris	FC
201	Yellow-billed Cacique	Amblycercus holosericeus	FC
202	Chestnut-headed Oropendola	Psarocolius wagleri	?
203	Black-cowled Oriole	Icterus prosthemelas	?
204	/Orchard Oriole/	Icterus spurius	UC
205	/Baltimore Oriole/	Icterus galbula	C
206	Shiny Cowbird	Molothrus bonariensis	?
207	Bronzed Cowbird	Molothrus aeneus	FC
208	Great-tailed Grackle	Quiscalus mexicanus	R
209	/Yellow-breasted Chat/	Icteria virens	?
New World Warblers: Parulidae
210	/Northern Waterthrush/	Parkesia noveboracensis	C
211	/Prothonotary Warbler/	Protonotaria citrea	FC
212	Gray-crowned Yellowthroat	Geothlypis poliocephala	UC
213	/Hooded Warbler/	Setophaga citrina	?
214	Tropical Parula	Setophaga pitiayumi	UC
215	Yellow Warbler	Setophaga petechia	C
216	/Chestnut-sided Warbler/	Setophaga pensylvanica	?
217	\|Black-throated Green Warbler\|	Setophaga virens	R
218	Chestnut-capped Warbler	Basileuterus delattrii	FC
Cardinals and Allies: Cardinalidae
219	/Summer Tanager/	Piranga rubra	C
220	/Rose-breasted Grosbeak/	Pheucticus ludovicianus	UC
221	/Blue Grosbeak/	Passerina caerulea	R
222	/Indigo Bunting/	Passerina cyanea	FC
223	/Painted Bunting/	Passerina ciris	R
224	/Dickcissel/	Spiza americana	UC
Tanagers and Allies: Thraupidae
225	Gray-headed Tanager	Eucometis penicillata	FC
226	Scarlet-rumped Tanager	Ramphocelus passerinii	C
227	Crimson-backed Tanager	Ramphocelus dimidiatus	UC
228	Blue-gray Tanager	Thraupis episcopus	A
229	Palm Tanager	Thraupis palmarum	C
230	Golden-hooded Tanager	Stilpnia larvata	FC
231	Green Honeycreeper	Chlorophanes spiza	FC
232	Wedge-tailed Grass-Finch	Emberizoides herbicola	UC
233	Blue-black Grassquit	Volatinia jacarina	A
234	(Ruddy-breasted Seedeater)	Sporophila minuta	C
235	Thick-billed Seed-Finch	Sporophila funerea	?
236	Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch	Sporophila angolensis	UC
237	Variable Seedeater	Sporophila corvina	A
238	Morelet's Seedeater	Sporophila morelleti	FC
239	Bananaquit	Coereba flaveola	UC
240	Yellow-faced Grassquit	Tiaris olivaceus	UC
241	Buff-throated Saltator	Saltator maximus	?
242	Streaked Saltator	Saltator striatipectus	C

*Nomenclature and taxonomic affinities are based on Clements 6th Edition published 2007 with updates through 2021 maintained by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, which relies largely on the AOU and SACC nomenclature committees. IUCN status may reflect splits not currently recognized by Clements.
**Species not accepted by Clements, AOU, or SACC that we recognize based on the IOC, field observations along with geographical separation, consensus opinions of field guide authors, and other sources. These species are potential splits in future Clements updates.

OTHER LOCALES

PRESENCE CODES

Code	Description	##
//	Boreal Visitor	39
\\	Austral Visitor	1
\|\|	Transient	6
##	Non-breeding Dispersal	0
<>	Erratic/Irregular	3
()	Breeding Season Only	3
{}	Casual/Vagrant	1
[]	Accidental	0

OCCURRENCE CODES

Code	Description	##
A	Abundant/Very Common	10
C	Common	46
FC	Fairly/Locally Common	82
UC	Uncommon/Scarce	57
R	Rare/Very Scarce	19
VR	Very Rare	6
X	Accidental/Vagrant	0
?	Uncertain	21

STATUS CODES

Code	Description	##
NT	Near Threatened	5
V	Vulnerable	1
EN	Endangered	0
CR	Critically Endangered	0

Species counts in code tables depend on completeness of the data. For some countries or locales, data may not include all species or information on species presence may be incomplete.